Cultural Conduct in Other Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Conduct in Other Countries - Essay Example The inquiry that ascents here is how significant job does a language play in cross outskirt organizations? To maintain your business effectively in another nation it requires an appropriate comprehension of the way of life of that nation. What's more, to comprehend the way of life of that nation, it is required to know and gain proficiency with the language of that nation. Each culture has various boundaries and rules of thought. Also, the most ideal approach to comprehend the idea behind these boundaries and rules is the language (Malt et. al, 1999). Language not just gives information about culture, it additionally gives information about financial and political circumstances. Information on different dialects has become basic since now million of individuals share their thoughts, regular interests and speak with one another over the world through web and going cross fringe for organizations and study. Every one of these things are conceivable because of the innovative headways. He re we take the case of America; the exchange is becoming quickly here. Some businessmen are learning Spanish and Portuguese for there organizations. What's more, presently adays individuals are getting information on different dialects for monetary mixes. Numerous Canadians have capacity to communicate in English and French. What's more, they have received these dialects for the improvement of their employments and organizations. So the information on different dialects gives us a novel idea and this idea causes us to settle on ideas and choices accurately. Social Etiquette: Etiquette is a code of conduct or social conduct inside the general public, social class or gathering. Rules of behavior by and large dependent on social cooperation inside the general public. It might be impression of moral codes, design and status of society, gathering or class. At the point when somebody is interfacing with enormous social gathering or assortment of individuals which have same intrigue, so th ere are some broad guidelines to associate with them and these standards are socially worthy. Business decorum is like the social behavior, yet they are especially for coworker’s cooperation and differ from business to business (Johnson, 1997). At the point when an agent extends his business in different nations, he needs to comprehend the language, societies, restrictions and decorums on the grounds that various countries have various societies and manners. For instance, in China if an individual takes food thing from a typical bowl or plate without asking others that mean you are offending the host. On the opposite side in America a visitor needs to eat all food in his plate as a commendation to the nature of food. In Korea and Japan, it is an old convention for host and visitor to fill their liquor cups and urge each other to take it, yet in the event that anybody doesn’t need to take liquor under any conditions, at that point it can get hard for him to escape from it. So for an imminent specialist it is exceptionally fundamental to comprehend the manners of other nation. Since manners give assistance to communicate society. Fundamentally decorums rely on the way of life. It might fluctuate from culture to culture. In the event that representatives know about different country’s culture, language and manners then they can without much of a stretch make a decent impression. Social Values: Cultural qualities are the moral or virtues; values that reflect someone’s feeling of good and insidious or good and bad. Social qualities are the impression of mentalities and conduct of society or gathering. Standards are the conduct of individuals in a particular circumstance, and qualities are the judgment of this circumstance as great and

A Rose for Emily Short Review Essay Example

A Rose for Emily: Short Review Essay In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Emily Grierson had an exceptionally severe relationship with her dad. Despite the fact that there is just a concise depiction of him, he assumes a huge job in the advancement of her character. The idea of Emily’s relationship with Homer Barron was extremely outrageous on the grounds that he is a Northerner and it doesn’t show up as though they will ever be hitched. After the demise of her dad, she got subject to him. Emily got engaged by her activities in the story, inciting her to execute Homer. Faulkner depicts this in the story by†¦. ? Miss Emily was raised to be dependent on the main male figure in her life, her dad. Emilys relationship with her dad can be seen in what the storyteller depicts as â€Å"the scene they had developed of her: Miss Emily a thin figure in white out of sight, her dad a spraddled outline in the closer view, his back to her and grasping a horsewhip, both of them surrounded by the back-flung door† (A Rose for Emily, 2). The scene represents his savagery and strength, and her honest womanliness. He was controlling, declining to let her carry on with her very own existence. Just as a spouse since had driven â€Å"all the youthful men† away (A Rose for Emily, 3). We will compose a custom paper test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on A Rose for Emily: Short Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At that point it’s noticeable to the peruser that her dad is narrow minded. When he died, she had nobody to be subject to any longer, yet she couldn’t be free since a solid male figure was no longer in her life. he needs to grapple with having no cash and a huge detached home. Homer Barron was a foreman who was visiting the area assisting with the clearing of walkways. Emily got charmed by him and would have most likely hitched him. Lamentably, for her he was not the wedding type. The town turned out to be mindful of Miss Emily’s relationship with him, yet humiliates her by playing with her feelings and declining to wed her.

Project proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Venture - Research Proposal Example These operators are known to have a wide assortment of uses, which can encourage different non-viral frameworks for the presentation of DNA into the host body and empower simple and successful hereditary treatment for the fix of feared ailments, for example, malignant growth. This investigation, endeavors to recognize and delineate third era polylysine dendrons as a potential hotspot for the improvement of a non-viral stage for quality conveyance. The investigation will portray the attributes of different dendrons to show their potential as a non-viral wellspring of quality conveyance. What's more, it will likewise show the particular attributes of third era polylysine for potential use in quality conveyance and quality treatment. To build up this, the examination will contain lab testing of mice to show that quality conveyance should be proficiently be possible utilizing third era polylysine dendrons. The objective of the exploration is to increase the value of the current assortment of information in such manner and to make it an increasingly powerful framework for quality conveyance just as quality treatment. While the utilization of viral-vectors is an effective strategy to bring qualities into have cells, they involve a few cell just as extra cell hindrances. In spite of the fact that viral-vectors have both effectiveness and high quality articulation they distress from the significant impediment of defenselessness to immunogenic responses. Accordingly, the clinical fraternity’s intrigue rather inclinations to the elective strategy for conveying non-viral techniques for the conveyance of qualities into the host body as it involves lesser multifaceted nature. In this manner, the utilization of dendrons or dendrimers has been picking up notoriety in the field of hereditary medication, particularly in its application for quality conveyance and quality treatment. This is particularly so in light of the fact that they give a multifunctional stage by prudence of being artificially equipped for appending tumor-focusing on antibodies. Numerous examinations affirm the legitimacy of third era polylysine as a successful monomer that can possibly convey

The problem of the huge gap between the rich and poor in China and the Essay

The issue of the enormous hole between the rich and poor in China and the arrangements - Essay Example As opposed to them the least fortunate 10 percent of China’s population’s pay expanded by close to 12-overlap. This supported pattern going over a time of practically 2.5 decades has removed the rich and the poor so much that they nearly end up at inverse shafts today. The Gini coefficient proposes that the yawning hole between the two populaces in China has become so wide that it is presently upsetting the restrictions of social solidness. The hukou framework in China The developing disparity between the rich and the poor in China is necessarily connected with the hukou arrangement of the grants of residency as indicated by which the interior movement of the poor is controlled to the towns. Monetary hole between the rich and the poor in China has expanded with the developing shortage of the provincial work. The hukou framework has constrained the poor to the entrance of open administrations just where they are enlisted which are generally the very places where they are conceived. â€Å"[M]aking individuals’ hukou status notable and open altogether decreases the exhibition of rustic vagrant understudies on a boosted subjective undertaking by 10 percent, which prompts a critical leftward move of their income distribution† (Afridi, Li, and Ren). The principles applying cutoff points to movement in China that limit the poor in the wide open are glaringly uncalled for. The idea of Guanxi The development of business when all is said in done and the little and medium measured undertakings (SME) in China has as of late caught the eye of the entire world. One factor that has assumed a prime job in the development of business and the significant fortifying of economy in China is the idea of Guanxi, that urges individuals to manufacture social associations and systems and look for profits by them. â€Å"The idea of Guanxi or a system of associations is a notable and focal part of life in China, both in business and public activity. It's the s ame as the 'old young men organize' in the UK† (Walker). This framework has not just expanded the financial partition between the rich and the poor in China, yet has additionally helped the development of debasement and bad form in the frameworks. Chinese government officials today perceive and value the Old Etonian bonds among the City Hall and the Downing Street. China’s up and coming pioneers are connected through families. Financial expert Mao Yushi has portrayed the issue in these words, â€Å"The riches in China isn't just allotted by the market, yet in addition by influence. The individuals with influence have cash. The marriage among influence and cash permits individuals to bring in cash by utilizing unlawful strategies. It increments further the salary hole between the rich and the poor past the market itself† (Yushi refered to in Taylor). The framework is out of line and the poor don't have any potential for success even over the long haul. Arrangement s Decreasing uniqueness of salary between the rich and the poor Since it is one of the most significant contributing components in the extending financial hole between individuals of

Rising of the Earths crust is responsible for Producing Earthquakes :: Geology Earthquake

Ascending of the earth’s outside is answerable for creating seismic tremors, Submission of report for distributing. Seismic tremor is caused because of the development of the land is a fantasy. The most significant thing that is absent in this view is that there is no clarification for why seismic tremor happens in the focal point of the land rather than the fringe zone. All things considered the land is ascending in better places. This is the motivation behind why seismic tremors happen just in the focal pieces of the land. To be explicit, after a seismic tremor happened on September 30th of 1993, in the town named Killari, it was discovered that the land had ascended around three feet in tallness. This shows the ascent of the land is the reason for the seismic tremor. Seismic tremor is the impact of the ascent of the land On September 30th 1993, the seismic tremor that hit the town, killari, arranged in focal piece of India brought about the demise of in excess of 8,000 individuals and raised the land surface around three feet high. This height was found in a zone of around two kilometers. For what reason did the quake happen? The tremor happened uniquely in killari, arranged in focal India and left two kilometers of land territory raised. This demonstrates the seismic tremor happened uniquely because of the ascent of the land. Aside from this, the photos taken by the satellite before the shudder indicated that the temperature of killari had likewise risen and the photos taken after the tremor demonstrated it to be typical. After the seismic tremor happened, on the outskirts of Andhra and Karnataka white shaded smoke radiated starting from the earliest stage. For what reason did the land rise? For what reason was the temperature more? For what reason did the land radiate white shaded smoke? We realize that the liquid stone material called magma is found inside the earth as we have seen it coming out through volcanoes.

Fresh Ink October 15, 2013

Fresh Ink October 15, 2013 HARDCOVER RELEASES   Actors Anonymous by James Franco (New Harvest) The actors in James Francos brilliant debut novel include a McDonalds drive-thru operator who spends his shift trying on accents; an ex-child star recalling a massive beachside bacchanal; hospital volunteers and Midwestern transplants; a vampire flick starlet who discovers a cryptic book written by a famous actor gone AWOL; and the ghost of River Phoenix. Then theres Franco himself, who prowls backstage, peering out between the lines-before taking the stage with fascinating meditations on his art, along with nightmarish tales of excess. Hollywood has always been a private club, he writes. I open the gates. I say welcome. I say,Look inside. Told in a dizzying array of styles-from lyric essays and disarming testimonials to hilariously rambling text messages and ghostly footnotes-and loosely modeled on Alcoholics Anonymouss Twelve  Steps and Twelve Traditions, Actors Anonymous  is an intense, wild ride into the dark heart of celebrity. Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy by Helen Fielding (Knopf) In Helen Fieldings wildly funny, hotly anticipated new novel, Bridget faces a few rather pressing questions: Is it better to die of Botox or die of loneliness because youre so wrinkly? Is it wrong to lie about your age when online dating? Does the Dalai Lama actually tweet or is it his assistant? Is it normal to get fewer followers the more you tweet? Is technology now the fifth element? Or is that wood? Is sleeping with someone after two dates and six weeks of texting the same as getting married after two meetings and six months of letter writing in Jane Austens day? Pondering these and other modern dilemmas, Bridget Jones stumbles through the challenges of loss, single motherhood, tweeting, texting, technology, and rediscovering her sexuality in-Warning! Bad, outdated phrase approaching!-middle age. Crooked Numbers by Tim OMara (Minotaur Books)   Raymond Donne’s former student Douglas Lee had everything going for him thanks to a scholarship to an exclusive private school in Manhattan, but all of that falls apart when his body is found below the Williamsburg Bridge with a dozen knife wounds in it.  That kind of violence would normally get some serious attention from the police and  media except when its accompanied by signs that it  could  be  gang related. When that’s the case, the story  dies and the police are happy to settle for the  straightforward explanation. Dougies mom isn’t having any of that and asks Ray, who had been a cop before an accident cut his career short, to look into it, unofficially. He does what he can, asking questions,  doling out information to the press,  and filling in some holes in the investigation, but he doesn’t get far before one of Dougie’s private school friends is killed and another is put in the hospital.  What kind of trouble could a couple of sheltered  kids get into that would end like that? And what does it have to do with Dougies death? None of it adds up, but theres no way  Ray can just wait around for something to happen. Fiendish Schemes by K. W. Jeter (Tor Books)   In 1986 K. W. Jeter coined the term steampunk, applying it to his first Victorian-era science fiction alternate-history adventure. At last he has returned, with a tale of George Dower, son of the inventor ofInfernal Devices, who has been in new self-imposed exile…accumulating debts. The world Dower left when he went into hiding was significantly simpler than the new, steam-powered Victorian London, a mad whirl of civilization filled with gadgets and gears in the least expected places. After accepting congratulations for his late fathers grandest inventionâ€"a walking, steam-powered lighthouseâ€"Dower is enticed by the prospect of financial gain into a web of intrigue with ominously mysterious players who have nefarious plans of which he can only guess.  If he can locate and make his father’s  Vox Universalis  work as it was intended, his future, he is promised,  is assured. But his efforts are confounded by the strange Vicar Stonebrake, who promises him aid, but  is more interested in converting sentient whales to Christianityâ€"and making moneyâ€"than in helping George. Drugged, arrested, and interrogated by men, women, and  the steam-powered Prime Minister, Dower is trapped in a maelstrom of secrets, corruption, and schemes that threaten to drown him in the chaos of this mad new world. How to be a Good Wife by Emma Chapman (St. Martins Press)   Marta and Hector have been married for a long time. Through the good and bad; through raising a son and sending him off to life after university. So long, in fact, that Marta finds it difficult to remember her life before Hector. He has always taken care of her, and she has always done everything she can to be a good wifeâ€"as advised by a dog-eared manual given to her by Hector’s aloof mother on their wedding day. But now, something is changing. Small things seem off. A flash of movement in the corner of her eye, elapsed moments that she can’t recall. Visions of a blonde girl in the darkness that only Marta can see. Perhaps she is starting to rememberâ€"or perhaps her mind is playing tricks on her. As Marta’s visions persist and her reality grows more disjointed, it’s unclear if the danger lies in the world around her, or in Marta herself. The girl is growing more real every day, and she wants something. Seven Deadlies: A Cautionary Tale by Gigi Levangie (Blue Rider Press)   Perry Gonzalez is not like the other kids in her Beverly Hills high schoolâ€"a full-blooded Latina on a scholarship, living in a tiny apartment with her mother, she doesn’t have much in common with the spoiled, privileged kids who are chauffeured to school every morning. But Perry is a budding young writer with her sights set on Benningtonâ€"and her seven deadly stories are her ticket to the Ivory Tower. To pay her way, Perry’s been babysitting (correction: teenage-sitting) and tutoring the neighborhood kids, and she has seen the dark side of adolescence: lust for the “Judas Brothers” that leads to electrocution at a private birthday party concert; wrath that inspires new and perverse family bonds; and greed, in a young Bernie Madoff acolyte who conceives of a copycat Ponzi scheme involving his own grandmother. Perry’s sinfully addictive, poignant, and smart voice will enchant and horrify readers of all ages, and author Gigi Levangie Grazer has never been funnierâ€"her wick edly sharp and observant prose brings each of these delightful and deranged characters terrifyingly, hilariously to life. The Lion Seeker by Kenneth Bonert (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)   Are you a stupid or a clever? Such is the refrain in Isaac Helgers mind as he makes his way from redheaded hooligan to searching adolescent to striving young man on the make. His mothers question haunts every choice.  Are you a stupid or a clever?  Will you find a way to lift your family out of Johannesburgs poor inner city, to buy a house in the suburbs, to bring your aunts and cousins from Lithuania?  Isaacs mother is a strong woman and a scarred woman; her maimed face taunts him with a past no one will discuss. As World War II approaches, then falls upon them, they hurtle toward a catastrophic reckoning. Isaac must make decisions that, at first, only seem to be life-or-death, then actually are.  Meanwhile, South Africas history, bound up with Europes but inflected with its own accents-Afrikaans, Zulu, Yiddish, English-begins to unravel. Isaacs vibrant, working-class, Jewish neighborhood lies near the African slums; under cover of night, the slums are razed, the residents forced off to townships. Isaacs fortun e-seeking takes him to the privileged seclusion of the Johannesburg suburbs, where he will court forbidden love. Writing on the Wall: Social Media The First 2,000 Years by Tom Standage (Bloomsbury USA)   From the papyrus letters that Cicero and other Roman statesmen used to exchange news across the Empire to the rise of hand-printed tracts of the Reformation to the pamphlets that spread propaganda during the American and French revolutions, Standage chronicles the increasingly sophisticated ways people shared information with each other, spontaneously and organically, down the centuries. With the rise of newspapers in the nineteenth century, the nature of communication changed; increasingly, especially as radio and television, the “mass media,” came to dominate in the twentieth century, information was centrally controlled. However, with the advent of the Internet, the story has come full circle, and the spreading of information along social networks has reemerged in powerful new ways.  Invoking the likes of Thomas Paine, the celebrated Madame Doublet in the French Revolution, and Vinton Cerf, co-inventor of the Internet, Standage explores themes that have long been debated: the tension between freedom of expression and censorship; whether social media trivializes, coarsens or enhances public discourse; and its role in spurring innovation, enabling self-promotion, and fomenting revolution. PAPERBACK RELEASES Man in the Empty Suit by Sean Ferrell (Soho Press) Say youre a time traveler and youve already toured the entirety of human history. After a while, the outside world might lose a little of its luster. Thats why this time traveler celebrates his birthday partying with himself. Every year, he travels to an abandoned hotel in New York City in 2071, the hundredth anniversary of his birth, and drinks twelve-year-old Scotch (lots of it) with all the other versions of who he has been and who he will be. Sure, the party is the same year after year, but at least its one party where he can really, well, be himself. The year he turns 39, though, the party takes a stressful turn for the worse. Before he even makes it into the grand ballroom for a drink he encounters the body of his forty-year-old self, dead of a gunshot wound to the head. As the older versions of himself at the party point out, the onus is on him to figure out what went wrong-he has one year to stop himself from being murdered, or theyre all goners. As he follows clues that he may or may not have willingly left for himself, he discovers rampant paranoia and suspicion among his younger selves, and a frightening conspiracy among the Elders. Most complicated of all is a haunting woman possibly named Lily who turns up at the party this year, the first person besides himself hes ever seen at the party. For the first time, he has something to lose. Heres hoping he can save some version of his own life. 37 Things I Love (in no particular order) by Kekla Magoon (Square Fish)   Ellis only has four days of her sophomore year left, and  summer is so close that she can almost taste it. But even with  vacation just within reach, Ellis isn’t exactly relaxed. Her father has been in a coma for years, the result of a construction accident, and her already-fragile relationship with her mother is strained over whether or not to remove him from life support. Her best friend fails even to notice that anything is wrong and Ellis feels like her world is falling apart.  But when all seems bleak, Ellis finds comfort in the most unexpected places. Life goes on, but in those four fleeting days friends are lost and found, promises are made, and Ellis realizes that nothing will ever quite be the same. NOS4A2 by Joe Hill (William Morrow)   Whats good stays good, no matter how much of a beating it takes. . . . Victoria McQueen has a secret gift for finding things: a misplaced bracelet, a missing photograph, answers to unanswerable questions. On her dayglo blue Raleigh Tuff Burner bike, she makes her way to a rickety covered bridge that, within moments, takes her wherever she needs to go, whether its across Massachusetts or across the country.  Vic doesnt tell anyone about her unusual ability because she knows that no one would believe her. She has trouble understanding it herself. And she knows it isnt free. Each time she makes a trip across that bridge, a piece of herself is lost.  But Vic isnt the only one with a  special  gift. Charles Talent Manx has a way with children. He likes to take them for rides in his 1938 Rolls-Royce Wraith with the NOS4A2 vanity plate. With his old car, he can slip right out of the everyday world, and onto the hidden roads that transport them to an astonishing playground of amusements he calls Christmasland. Mile by mile, their journey across the highway of Charlies twisted imagination transforms his precious passengers, leaving them as terrifying and unstoppable as their benefactor. Then, one day, Vic goes looking for trouble-and finds Manx.  That was a lifetime ago. Now, the only kid to ever escape his unmitigated evil is all grown up and desperate to forget.  But the end of one nightmare is just the beginning of another . . . because Charlie Manx hasnt stopped thinking about the exceptional Victoria McQueen. Hes on the road again and hes picked up a new passenger: Vics own son.  In a life-and-death battle of wills-her  magic pitted against  his-Vic McQueen is going to get her son back and destroy Manx once and for all. Or shell die trying. . . . A Study in Revenge by Kieran Shields (Broadway Books)   In the summer of 1893, a thief named Cosgrove is shot while delivering a stolen artifact in Portland, Maine. Days after the thiefs burial, the mans body turns up again, badly scorched, in an abandoned house. Police detective Archie Lean is called in to investigate, and he quickly deducees that the scene has been staged to give the appearance that Cosgrove somehow rose from the dead and entered the house on his own, all while on fire. Occult symbols and messages appear near the crime. Mystified, Lean summons his erstwhile partner, Perceval Grey, a brilliant former Pinkerton detective who happens to be half Native American. What comes next is a breathless chase for the thunderstone, a mysterious, centuries-old relic that wields cryptic yet potentially incredible power. From the dark streets of Portland to the provincial drawing rooms of Brahmin Boston,  A Study in Revenge  is a fascinating follow-up by an up-and-coming historical mystery writer. Break My Heart 1,000 Times by Daniel Waters (Disney-Hyperion) Living in the aftermath of the Event means that seeing the dead is now a part of life, but Veronica wishes that the ghosts would just move on. Instead, the ghosts arent disappearing-theyre gaining power. When Veronica and her friend, Kirk, decide to investigate why, they stumble upon a sinister plot. One of Veronicas high school teachers is crippled by the fact that his dead daughter has never returned as a ghost. Veronica seems like the perfect body to host her. And even if hes wrong, whats the harm in creating one more ghost? _____________________ Sign up for our newsletter  to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every week. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis,  follow us on Twitter,  like us  on Facebook,  and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in  iTunes  or via  RSS.  So much bookish goodnessâ€"all day, every day.

Recruiting and Staffing Plan Interviewing Techniques - 1100 Words

Recruiting and Staffing Plan: Interviewing Techniques (Coursework Sample) Content: Recruiting and staffing planName:Institution:IntroductionRecruitment of employees is an essential component of every organization. It is important as it helps in the identification of individuals that are vital to ensuring that the objectives and goals of a firm are achieved. Amazon as on the most successful firm is seeking to recruit a customer service manager. This essay, therefore, seeks to provide insights into the recruitment and assessment process that the company can employ to obtain the right individual for the job.Legal aspects of recruitment that Amazon should be cognizant of while recruiting the customer service managerThe EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) has enforced laws that prohibit companies and organizations illegal discrimination of employees or applicants because of an individual's religion, race, sex, and color, age, national origin, and genetic information or disability.Recruitment plans for the positionRecruitment is a process that entails finding, and hiring candidates deemed qualified either from within or out of the organization in a cost-effective and timely manner for a job opening. Caruth Pane (2009) add that the process involves analyzing job's requirements, attracting workers to the job, screening the selected individuals who have rendered their applications, hiring, and incorporating the new employee into the company. Bogardus (2004) explains that in human resources, there are stages of recruitment that most organizations employ when recruiting staff members. The stages encompass analysis of the job, advertisement of the open position, screening of applicants, and finalization of job offers. During the analysis of the job, the representative in the human resource reviews and analyzes what the individual to be recruited need to do in the open position. Bechet (2008) elaborates that it involves building the description of the job, setting the qualifications, and defining the range of the salary. The advertisement, on the other hand, involves searching for the applicants with the aim of finding individuals matching the requirements for the job. The applicants are then screened through the test of personalities and skills, as well as, assessing the motivation and fitness of the applicant to the organizational requirements. The process is accomplished when the applicant has been offered the job which is often inclusive of the compensation package.According to Stedt (2006), the recruitment of staff is a vital component of every business. When a firm chooses a right individual during the recruitment exercise and subsequently trains and treats them well then these individuals not only produce results but also have higher chances of staying in the organization for long.Tools to be used in the recruitment processThe use of recruiters will be the ideal method for finding the right candidate for the position of customer service manager. The recruiters can employ various diverse methods such as websites, professional organizations, and other methods to find ideal candidates for the position. Besides, they have the leverage of networking excellently through attending events where they are likely to meet potential candidates. Moreover, they often keep a pipeline of possible candidates with a good match in case a position for that match arises. The recruiters that will be employed in this case are a corporate recruiter within the Amazon. However, the recruiter will analyze the job description of customer service manager, set the minimum qualifications for the position, and define its salary range. After that, the recruiter will have the mandate of screening the applicants for the vacancy by testing their personalities and skills. Besides, it will encompass the assessment of the motivation and fitness of the applicants through the process of interview. The recruiter, finally, submits the individual perceived fit for the job to Amazon Company, who in turn is offered the job. Once the individual is absorbed, the firm will offer the compensation package.Yu Cable (2014) describe staffing as a management function that encompasses manning the structure of the organization through an effective and proper selection, development and appraisal of personnel to occupy the roles given to the workforce or employers. Bogardus (2004) asserts that it is a continuous and pervasive activity whose basis is the efficient management of personnel. The process is essential as it ensures that the workplace runs efficiently and smoothly, as well as, the right employees being in the right positions. Yu Cable (2014) add that well-managed employee and their continuous evaluation and training help in equipping them to have the ammunitions to be prepared to carry out their tasks. Adler (2007) reiterates that good employees are equivalent to better provision of services.The assessment method to be used by Amazon in recruiting the customer service managerThe assessment method employed will entail that of motivational fitness and cultural fitness, as well. The motivational fit, in this case, refers to the degree to which the employer and the candidate agree with especially concerning what each party expects to receive in the relationship. Furthermore, it assesses the compatibility of the candidate with the mode of operations and values of the organization. This type of assessment enables the candidate to perform successfully in different roles across the company.The other crucial assessment method will entail cultural fitness. It determines the congruency of the values of the company and that of the candidate. It illuminates the ability of the worker to carry comfortably out their tasks in an environment that commensurate with his/her values and beliefs....

Giant Beaver (Castoroides) - Facts and Figures

Name:Â  Giant Beaver; also known as Castoroides (Greek for of the beaver family); pronounced CASS-tore-OY-deez Habitat:Â  Woodlands of North America Historical Epoch:Â  Late Pliocene-Modern (3 million-10,000 years ago) Size and Weight:Â  About eight feet long and 200 pounds Diet:Â  Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; narrow tail; six-inch-long incisors About the Giant Beaver (Castoroides) It sounds like the punchline to a prehistoric joke: an eight-foot-long, 200-pound beaver with six-inch-long incisors, a narrow tail, and long, shaggy hair. But Castoroides, also known as the Giant Beaver, really existed, and it fit right in with the other plus-sized megafauna of its late Pliocene and Pleistocene ecosystem. Like modern beavers, the Giant Beaver probably led a partially aquatic lifestyle--especially since it was too big and bulky to move about sleekly on land, where it would have made a tasty meal for a hungry Saber-Tooth Tiger. (By the way, other than both being mammals, the Giant Beaver was completely unrelated to the beaver-like Castorocauda, which lived during the late Jurassic period.) The question everyone asks is: did the Giant Beaver build equally giant dams? Sadly, if it did, no evidence of these gigantic construction projects has been preserved into modern times, though some enthusiasts point to a four-foot-high dam in Ohio (which may well have been made by another animal, or be a natural formation). Like the other mammalian megafauna of the last Ice Age, the extinction of the Giant Beaver was hastened by the early human settlers of North America, who may have valued this shaggy beast for its fur as well as its meat.

Is Organic Food The Better Choice - 1978 Words

Is Organic Food the Better Choice? Many people are suddenly having an increase in interest in living healthy lifestyles and eating high quality food. This has caused organic food sales to increase and stores like Wal-Mart and Winn Dixie to start selling organic foods. Additionally, there has been an increase in stores opening like Whole Foods, who devote their entire store to selling not only organic foods, but other organic options such as: vitamins, soaps, and clothing. The growth of sales for organic food has increased because organic food is produced under certain farming conditions that follow the guidelines set by the EC Regulation. This means produce are grown without using pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), or anything that could potentially be harmful to the consumer’s body, which makes people think the food has higher quality. The term organic can be misleading because not all organic food sold on the market is certified organic ; meaning consumers think they are buying organic food, but possibly are paying more and getting a product that is not approved to be organic. Many people believe that eating organic food is better for your overall health and by eating organic you will receive more vitamins and nutrients. When I asking a lady in her mid thirty’s at Whole Foods why she shops organically, her response was â€Å"I read in a magazine that organic food will help me lose weight so I figured I would give it a try.† Unfortunately,Show MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Organisms And Organic Organisms Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesbrief, the reader will see how organic and genetically modified organisms are viewed and interpreted. They will see the â€Å"facts† about the genetically modified organisms and organic organism, and how producers and consumers view this. The reader will be able to understand what is actually happening to genetically modified organisms and organic organisms duri ng the production and when it is getting processed. They will also learn about certified organic and the USDA organic and how each one is determinedRead MoreThe Organic Food Industry Has Gained A Great Deal Of Customers1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe organic food industry has gained a great deal of customers over the past few years. Consumers commonly follow popular word of mouth marketing and the organic food industry has established a name for itself. Claiming to be better for overall health and wellness, the industry has made more people want to incorporate a variety of organic foods into their diets. Though claims may hold valuable truth, do organic groceries truly benefit people more than the conventional foods that many have grown upRead MoreA Brief Note On The Organic Food Industry Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages Accordingly, to the information, organic food sales in the United States generated approximately 31.32 billion U.S. dollars (Wilson, Jamar. Topic: Organic Food Industry.). While heart health 1 in every 4 deaths is the result of heart disease for both men and women (CDC Company. Heart Disease Facts.). In a way 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population has diabetes (CDC Company. 2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report.). Additionally, adding to the rest more than one-thirdRead MoreFactors of the Increasing Trend to Consume Organic Foods1484 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing relationship between Organic Food marketers and their consumer’s base. Over the years increased food awareness has made an impact on the way consumers are choosing their food. Awareness relating to the use of genetically modified food sources has left some consumers concerned for their health, and they see eating organically as a positive substitute. Researchers are investigating what other factors and marketing techniques are affecting consumer’s trends for organic food. Through the use of socialRead MoreThe Dangers Of Industrial Farming860 Words   |  4 Pagesabout food quality because it effects the environment and their health. Consumers buy processed food on a daily basis not knowing the dangers of the food they eat, and they have allowed the industrial food chain to genetically modify many of the foods they consume today. Also, consumers have options to get healthy nutritional foods that are grown by local sustainable food chains. Meanwhile, people who are concerned about their health can improve their food choices by learning about how food is producedRead MoreThe Benefits of Organic Foods1149 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Benefits of Organic Foods Introduction: In spite of the fact that organic foods have been proved to have a better effect on peoples health in comparison to conventional foods served in supermarkets, the fact that people continue to buy their food without expressing interest in its provenience makes it possible for one to understand that the masses have failed to comprehend the full complexity of the problem at hand. People need to understand that the You are what you eat expression appliesRead MoreEating Healthy Can Be A Challenge1479 Words   |  6 Pagesare invincible. But, poor eating habits will catch up with you eventually. Now is the time to pay attention and make any necessary changes. As you search the Web for articles that discuss the best foods to eat to build and sustain a healthy body, the answers may sound fairly simple – eat only foods that are good for your body. In fact, isn’t that a non brainer? All the experts, doctors, dieticians, health coaches, and medical researchers tell us to eat raw fruits and vegetables. That adviceRead MoreEssay on Speech Outline on Organic Food1566 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing Organic By: Kayla Ray Informative Speech SC105: T Th 3:30 Mrs. Becker March 4, 2013 General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: I want my audience to understand the importance of purchasing and consuming organic food. Thesis: Choosing to purchase and consume organic food is a smart and healthy choice for you and your family. Formal Outline of Speech Introduction I. â€Å"The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000.† Food activistRead MoreEthical Situations in Business1062 Words   |  5 Pages_______________ Many businesses, such as Company Q, are faced with ethical decisions every day. And many of these ethical situations can conflict with the overall profit margin of a company. In three distinct area Company Q has made ethical choices, electing to put the company first, and its customers and community second. In our scenario Company Q has made three ethical decisions that have directly affected the company, employees with the company, the community in which Company Q does businessRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Organic Foods1393 Words   |  6 Pages Organic Foods Courtney Rathmann HLTH 232 10/1/2017 Hearing the term organic foods, we think what are those and how do they compare to conventional foods? Organic foods and other ingredients are grown without the use of pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, genetically modified organisms, or ionizing radiation. And animals that produce organic meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products do not take antibiotics or growth hormones. Conventional foods are the total opposite

Writing Your Patent Application Granted Patent Example

Anything in italics is not part of the patent About the LayoutPages breaks are inserted to serve the different tip tutorials: writing descriptions, writing claims, and writing patent abstracts. The patent drawings for this patent are in a separate gallery. Normally the drawings and patent are kept together and the page breaks would be different. Also, any links are there for your convenience and would never be in a written patent Canadian Patent #2,019,415Collapsible Tent and Frame Therefor ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention provides an improved collapsible tent and tent frame of the umbrella type. The frame includes a plurality of legs pivoted, at the upper ends of the legs, to an upper clevis member. Each leg has pivoted thereto a radial stay member spaced downwardly from the upper end of the leg. The stay member extends inwardly of the tent to be pivoted to a lower clevis. The upper clevis includes a central downwardly opening recess and the lower clevis has fixed thereto an upperwardly projection post or rod which is adapted to engage the upper clevis so as to stop movement of the lower clevis. Each leg comprises an elongated lower section which can be relatively stiff. The upper end of the lower section is pivoted to an upper section which is relatively flexible and resilient so that the upper portion of the legs can conform to the dome of the sheet material forming the tent cover or ceiling. Anything in italics is not part of the patent About the LayoutPages breaks are inserted to serve the different tip tutorials: writing descriptions, writing claims, and writing patent abstracts. The patent drawings for this patent are in a separate gallery. Normally the drawings and patent are kept together and the page breaks would be different. Also, any links are there for your convenience and would never be in a written patent COLLAPSIBLE TENT AND FRAME THEREFOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1,079,757 Gould1,124,420 Gough1,666,757 Snyder3,000,386 Shulze et al3,794,054 Watts4,033,366 Forget Though such tents have achieved considerable popularity and commercial success, there has been a continuing need for improvement. Anything in italics is not part of the patent About the LayoutPages breaks are inserted to serve the different tip tutorials: writing descriptions, writing claims, and writing patent abstracts. The patent drawings for this patent are in a separate gallery. Normally the drawings and patent are kept together and the page breaks would be different. Also, any links are there for your convenience and would never be in a written patent SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the drawings, which form a part of this specification, Fig. 1 is a semi-diagrammatic view of a tent and tent frame according to one embodiment of the invention, showing the tent as erected; Fig. 2 is a side elevational view, with some parts deleted for clarity of illustration, of the tent of Fig. 1 in folded condition; Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view, on larger scale than Fig. 1, taken generally on line 3-3, Fig1; Fig. 3A is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a modification; Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the clevis assembly of the tent frame; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view, with some parts shown in elevation, taken generally on line 5-5, Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is an enlarged elevational view taken generally on line 6-6, Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken generally on line 7-7, Fig. 6, with some parts shown in elevation; Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken generally on line 8-8, Fig. 1, with some parts shown in elevation; and Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken generally on line 9-9, Fig. 1 and on smaller scale than Fig. 8. Anything in italics is not part of the patent About the LayoutPages breaks are inserted to serve the different tip tutorials: writing descriptions, writing claims, and writing patent abstracts. The patent drawings for this patent are in a separate gallery. Normally the drawings and patent are kept together and the page breaks would be different. Also, any links are there for your convenience and would never be in a written patent DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The upper and lower leg sections are identical and, as seen in Fig. 3, have transverse cross sections which are in the form of an elongated rectangle having longer sides 6 and shorter sides 7. Inwardly projecting flanges 8, projecting from the longer sides and spaced apart equally from the center of the rectangle, are provided. Throughout its length, each leg section has a reinforcing insert 9 having a transverse cross section in the form of a right angle cross, the edges of the inserts being engaged respectively in the junctures between of flanges 8 with side walls of the rectangular leg sections. Lower leg sections 2 are disposed with the long sides of their rectangular cross sections directed inwardly of the tent so that these sections are relatively stiff against forces directed inwardly from the outside of the tent frame. Upper leg sections 3 are disposed with the longer sides of their rectangular cross sections at right angles to the long sides of the rectangles of the cross sections of the lower leg sections so that the upper leg sections can more readily bend to follow the curvature necessary to lead to the upper clevis member of the clevis assembly 5. Advantageously, clevis assembly 5 comprises an upper clevis member 10, a lower clevis member 11 identical to member 10, and a center post 12. Each clevis member comprises a main body 13 having a central through opening 14 and a downwardly opening generally cup-shaped recess 15. Spaced clevis flanges 16 project radially outwardly from main body 13. At the bottom of the main body, reinforcing flanges 17 interconnect the adjacent flanges 16, as seen in Fig. 4. As best seen in Fig. 5., center post 12 has a main body 18 of larger diameter, an upper end 19 of smaller diameter joining body 18 in upwardly directed shoulder 20, and a smaller diameter lower portion 21 which joins main body 18 at downwardly facing shoulder 22 and is threaded at its lower end. Lower portion 21 extends downwardly through the central opening of lower clevis member 11 and is secured to that member by the combination of upper washer 23, lower washer 24 and nut 25, as seen in Fig. 5. Seated on upper shoulder 20 is a stop member 26 dimensioned and shaped to fit slidably within the downwardly opening recess 15 of the upper clevis member. At a point intermediate its length, each upper leg section 3 is provided with a pivot member 27, Figs. 8 and 9, and radial brace members 28 each have one end pivoted to one of members 27 and the other end pivoted between one set of flanges 16 of lower clevis member 11. The positions of members 27 and the length of members 28 are such that when the tent is erected as seen in Fig. 1 lower clevis member 11 is forced upwardly, bringing stop member 26 fully into the recess 15 so that member 26 is stopped by clevis member 10 with portion 19 of center post 12 received in through bore 14 of the upper clevis member. As seen in Figs. 6 and 7, pivot connectors 4 are of generally U-shaped transverse cross section, side wall portions 30 being spaced apart by a smaller distance than side wall portions 31 so that the right angle displacement between leg portions 2 and 3 can be accommodated in the manner shown. As seen in Fig.7, the bottom wall 32 has a first portion 33 and a second portion 34 and these portions are displaced from the pivotal axes of leg members 2 and 3 by distances such that taking into consideration the 90Â ° displacement between the leg portions, the leg portions are freely pivotable between the positions shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Advantageously, an upstanding rib 35 is provided at the free end of portion 33 and a rib 36 is provided at the free end of portion 34, the heights of these ribs being such that, with parts positioned as seen in Fig. 1, the end portions of the leg portions engage the respective ribs in the manner seen in Fig. 7. A reinforcing rib 37 is advantageously provide d at the juncture between portions 33 and 34, as seen in Fig. 7. Members 27 are identical and are advantageously cut from extruded lengths having the cross-sectional configuration seen in Fig.8 . Each member 27 has a base portion 40 with a through bore 41 which is rectangular transverse cross section and dimensioned to slidably accommodate upper leg portion 3. Members 27 have flanges 42 which are parallel and spaced apart by a distance adequate to freely accommodate one end portion of one of the brace members 28. Leg portions 2 and 3 are pivoted to members 4 by pivot pins 43 in any suitable manner. Members 27 are fixed to leg portions 3 by pins 44. Brace members 28 are pivoted to flanges 42 by pins 45. The upper ends of leg portions 3 are pivoted to flanges 16 of upper clevis member 10, as by pivot pins 46. The ends of brace members 28 are likewise pivoted to lower clevis member 11 by pivot pins 47, Fig. 5. It will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Thus flanges 8, Fig. 3, can be replaced by partitions 8, Fig. 3A and reinforcing extrusion 9, Fig. 3, can be replaced by a filling of polymeric foam 9, Fig. 3A. Anything in italics is not part of the patent About the LayoutPages breaks are inserted to serve the different tip tutorials: writing descriptions, writing claims, and writing patent abstracts. The patent drawings for this patent are in a separate gallery. Normally the drawings and patent are kept together and the page breaks would be different. Also, any links are there for your convenience and would never be in a written patent THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS: In an umbrella tent frame, the combination of a plurality of legs each comprising a lower portion, an upper portion, and a pivot connector interconnecting the lower and upper portions;a clevis assembly comprising an upper clevis member, a lower clevis member, and stop means supported by the lower clevis member and projecting toward the upper clevis member and constructed and arranged to engage the upper clevis member to limit movement of the lower clevis member toward the upper clevis member;a plurality of radial pivot members each fixed to a different one of the upper leg portions; anda plurality of brace members each having one end pivoted to one of the radial pivot members and the other end pivoted to the lower clevis member;wherein the leg portions have transverse cross sections in the form of a rectangle with longer sides and shorter sides, the longer sides of the cross sections of the lower leg sections extending toward the interior of the tent frame when the frame is erected.T he combination defined in claim 1, wherein the shorter sides of the cross sections of the upper leg portions extend toward the interior of the tent frame when the frame is erected, whereby the upper leg portions can bend more freely toward the upper clevis member as the tent frame is erected.The combination defined in claim 2, wherein the pivot connectors interconnecting the lower and upper leg portions are each in the form of an integral polymeric piece of generally U-shaped transverse cross section and the side walls thereof include portions spaced more closely together to accommodate the lower leg portion and portion spaced more widely to accommodate the upper portion.An umbrella tent of claim 3 wherein said upper clevis member comprises a downwardly opening socket adapted to receive a post member extending from the lower clevis member.An umbrella tent of claim 2 wherein said upper clevis member comprises a downwardly opening socket adapted to receive a post member extending from the lower clevis member.An umbrella tent frame of claim 1 wherein said lower leg portions further comprise means to engage a floor portion of a tent when the tent frame is erected.An umbrella tent of claim 6 wherein said upper clevis member comprises a downwardly opening socket adapted to receive a post member extending from the lower clevis member.An umbrella tent frame of claim 1 wherein said clevis members are molded from polymeric material.An umbrella tent of claim 8 wherein said upper clevis member comprises a downwardly opening socket adapted to receive a post member extending from the lower clevis member.An umbrella tent frame comprising a plurality of legs each including a lower portion and an upper leg portion, the leg portions having transverse cross sections in the form of a rectangle having longer sides and shorter sides, the lower and upper leg portions being pivotally interconnected with the longer sides of their cross sections at right angles to each other.An umbrell a tent frame of claim 10 further comprising a clevis assembly comprising an upper clevis member and a lower clevis member, and wherein the upper leg portion is connected to the upper clevis member, and wherein the shorter sides of the cross sections of the upper leg portions extend toward the interior of the tent frame when the frame is erected, whereby the upper leg portions can bend more freely toward the upper clevis member as the tent frame is erected.An umbrella tent frame of claim 11 further comprising pivot members interconnecting the lower and upper leg portions and wherein the pivot connectors interconnecting the lower and upper leg portions are each in the from of an integral polymeric piece of generally U-shaped transverse cross section and the side walls thereof include portions space more closely together to accommodate the lower leg portion and a portions spaced more widely to accommodate the upper leg portion.An umbrella tent frame of claim 11 wherein said clevis memb ers are molded from polymeric material.An umbrella tent of claim 11 wherein said upper clevis member comprises a downwardly opening socket adapted to receive a post member extending from the lower clevis member.An umbrella tent frame of claim 10 wherein said lower leg portions further comprise means to engage a floor portion of a tent when the tent frame is erected. DRAWINGSFigure 1 Figure 2Figure 3 Figure 3AFigure 4 Figure 5Figure 6 Figure 7Figure 8 Figure 9

What Makes A Marriage A Strong Foundation - 1292 Words

â€Å"Until recently a person choosing for themselves who to date for many centuries the parents of the spouses chose soul mates for their children. A long time ago affection was uncommon in most marriages; the marriages of the day were primarily economic arrangements.† By the sixteenth hundredth courtly love had change to have sexual involvement between the lady of nobility and her paramour. Sixteen and seventeen hundredth is when people started to value romantic love but still valued to be faithful to save oneself until marriage. Seventeen and eighteen hundreds parent setup and romantic love were competing side by side. The twentieth century it was proper for one to ask the girl’s parents permission to marry the daughter. â€Å"Another thing is that opposite attract because each person desires to get what is lacking.† Now day’s people are living as boyfriend and girlfriend having sex outside of marriage. People living as boyfriend and girlfriend are no t an alternative to marriage. It is important to study the subject on what makes a marriage have a strong foundation because this society as a whole has failed to figure out just what makes a successful marriage. The ultimate foundation of course would be in Jesus Christ but there are also personality traits that play a part in people being attracted to one another. It is all a matter what attracts one to another and keeps it going. Another reason for choosing the foundation of having a biblical foundation marriage is that it isShow MoreRelatedThe Christian Of A Christian Marriage955 Words   |  4 PagesA Christian marriage sets a positive example by conducting oneself in a manner worthy of Christ. Our attitude shows who we are on the inside. 1 Peter 3:1-2 declares: â€Å"Wives†¦if any of them do not believe the word, they may be won over without words by the behavior of their wives, when they see the purity and reverence of their lives† (NIV). God wants us to exemplif y him. God doesn’t try and change us against our own will. We have to want to change for ourselves. In marriage, Borys said a great quote:Read Moreno to same-sex marriage!894 Words   |  4 PagesSame Sex Marriage - The Six Point Case Each of these six points against same sex marriage will be explained in detail in the following articles. Click on each link for more explanation. Natural marriage is the foundation of a civilized society. Homosexual behavior is inherently destructive. The law is a great teacher, and it encourages or discourages behavior. Government-backed same-sex marriage would encourage and normalize homosexual behavior, and it would harm natural marriage, childrenRead MorePoetry Analysis: Conjoined vs Most Like an Arch This Marriage1257 Words   |  6 Pagesan Arch This Marriage People often dream of finding the perfect soul mate†¦a special someone with similar hopes and goals for their future. They dream of someone to share the good and bad times with them. They dream of a person that will love them unconditionally until death parts them. And although I seriously doubt anyone has ever said the sacred marriage vows to another while believing the union would not last forever, the high divorce rate shows that more and more, marriages are failingRead MoreAbelard and Heloise Essay examples1242 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough considered a love story to some, a relationship founded on lust, inability to fight for marriage, and union to the church, shatters the illusion of romance and shows the relationship for what it truly is, a lackluster liaison. The relationship between Peter Abelard and Heloise failed to be established with strong bonds between the young couple, allowing lust to be the sole, capricious foundation of the relationship. Peter Abelard was a 12th century philosopher who after beginning to lectureRead MoreShilo: Norma Jean and Leroy Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pageshe is in a perfectly functioning marriage is shattered leaving the reality that he and Norma Jean have ongoing issues that have been hidden and ignored for the majority of their marriage. The log cabin he never builds, the couple’s new hobbies, the baby they lost, the dust ruffle Mabel makes for them, and the trip they take to Shiloh ultimately cause Norma Jean to decide to leave Leroy. â€Å"Shiloh† is laden with symbols for the state of Norma Jean and Leroy’s marriage, and each situation introduced sinceRead MoreI Am A Family Friend809 Words   |  4 PagesAs I indicated in my first letter, I was a practicing Licensed Marriage a nd Family Therapist in California for over 25 years. My specialty was working with children with emotional, behavioral and learning disabilities. I worked with these children and their families in a variety of settings such as: foster care, residential, day treatment and in outreach programs. In addition, I would assess the character of families who were looking to become foster parents. I do believe my background has givenRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we hear the word politics we immediately think republicans or democrats, left or right. But what people don’t think about is religion. Hardly anybody uses those terms in the same sentence. But religion and politics are one. Even though religion does not control the government it plays a major role in creation of laws and regulations for the citizens of this â€Å"free country†. While the constitution expresses the separation of church and state, we can examine the laws to prove no such separationRead MoreRomanticism in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake1393 Words   |  6 PagesFrench Revolution and was also a reaction to the scientific rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment (Foundations of Romanticism). Romanticism emerged also as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order after the French Revolution in 1789 (Galitz). Romanticism expressed ideas such as emotion, freedom and imagination (Foundations of Romanticism). To the author, William Blake, the writing style of Romanticism was highly used. Characteristics ofRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston749 Words   |  3 Pages In 1937, Zora Neale Hurston spent seven weeks in Haiti writing what would become her most well-known and acknowledged piece of work. Their Eyes Were Watching God was born on September 18th, 1937, in New York. The novel told a hopeful tale of a woman finding a secure sense of independence and identity in the 1920s. Janie Mae Crawford is the protagonist of the novel. She knows family only in the form of her grandmother, who she refers to as Nanny. Each relationship that Janie is involved in bloomsRead MoreAnother aspect of emotional attraction is reciprocity, which by definition has to do with a1600 Words   |  7 Pagescontentment† (Sternberg, 2013) and gives a foundation to build relationships on. We as humans want to be validated in where we stand; another person who shares things in common with us will likely provide that assurance. The real question lies in what those similarities should be. Is it similarities in appearance, values, opinions, interests, or any number of other factors that really matter? In her book entitled The Psychology of Love 101, Karen Sternberg states, â€Å"What matters most is similarity in those

Factors Influencing Comprehension Free Essays

Factors influencing Comprehension The article under the sub- heading Understanding Comprehension stated that â€Å"comprehension is complex†. It is my belief that teachers whether in the primary or secondary system should see it as such and not just a situation where a passage is just read and the questions answered at the end of it. It has been brought to my attention that comprehension is affected by a variety of factors some of which may be considered internal as well as external. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Comprehension or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the internal factors may include stressful situations and the external factors would include the reading text assigned and the pages with dense text with few paragraph breaks or illustrations. It is then my belief that if the pre-service and inservice teachers saw this as a critical issue then for those of us who have not been taking it as seriously then we need to. The students who we teach may have been affected by these factors but because of teachers ignorance comprehension lessons where not adequately prepared. Secondly, the fact that background knowledge was so important on the side of the pupil just did not occur to me. I thought that what I gave initially at the beginning of the lesson if they had no experience it would be enough. Students being taught the comprehension lesson should have some experiential background to the text being used or the teacher could run into problems. â€Å"Schema theory tells us that readers must have adequate back-ground knowledge to understand what they read; it also tells us that readers must activate their prior knowledge† (Langer, 1984). Preparations for students doing comprehension lessons must therefore be more in-depth not only on the teachers part but in light of the students as well as one needs to investigate if the students has any prior knowledge. Thirdly and quite interestingly the Transactional theory brought home the fact that different students read for different reasons, the efferent stance or the aesthetic stance. The fact is a student’s stance can influence his or her comprehension. In teaching we need to know just how important the material is to our students or rather how important we make it for them. The fact that they may be quizzed at the end of a reading may generate more interest. The students who read just for sheer experience may just not comprehend as well as the one who does it for a purpose that could be considered more important. Fourthly, comprehension as a process is very stimulating to a student or students for that matter. The fact that this process begins before actual reading and end long after the reading is finished emphasises the activities that are used to grab and keep the students involved in the whole teaching and learning experience. Dividing instruction into prereading, during reading and post reading helps teachers design activities for each stage that will improve students’ comprehension (Carlton, 1982) and provides opportunities for teachers to demonstrate strategies that readers can use at this stage†. The actual process of comprehension and the strategies used has truly been an experience and will be a welcomed difference in my approach to the teaching of comprehension. How to cite Factors Influencing Comprehension, Papers

A womans self esteem Essay Example For Students

A womans self esteem Essay Nathaniel Brandens A Womens Self-Esteem gives an inside view to helping women improve their self-esteem and begin to live a healthier, happier life. Self-esteem is the ability to experience ourselves as being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and to be capable of seeking happiness. It consists of two components: self-efficacy, or the ability to chose, learn, think and make appropriate decisions, and self-respect, the right to be blissful, the belief that achieving, making friends, succeeding, loving and fulfillment are deserving for us. Self-esteem is essential to all humans to have healthy development. If one lacks a positive self-esteem, psychological growth would be staggered. Branden describes a womans self-esteem as a building of six pillars; without any one pillar the whole building would collapse. The pillars include each of the following: living consciously, self-acceptance, self-responsibility, self-assurance, living purposefully, and living with integrity. Each matter is discussed in detail, and personal stories are narrated to give evidence of unique case studies in which these topics are found. In the conclusion of each explanation of the topic, Branden includes a sentence completion exercise in which sentence stems are given and the reader is directed to quickly respond by adding an ending to each stem. This exercise is an excellent method of thought processes and is terrific for releasing ones ideas through writing. The work later depicts special circumstances in which self-esteem plays a key role. These exceptional issues include: romantic love, the fear of selfishness, jealousy, expressing anger, defensiveness, and success anxiety. Each subject is covered specifically and these chapters also comprise of case studies and additional sentence completion exercises. Branden consoles the reader by assuring her or him that although one may often feel guilty for these feelings, they are normal, and without them one would become ruthless in their own happiness. This area of the book, if appreciated, is clustered with many valuable, lifelong lessons and instructions. Branden then goes on to enlighten the reader with empowering strategies to aid in unraveling the mysteries behind some of these exceptional issues, which one may be able to apply to their own life. The conclusion leaves the reader with a sincere desire to strive to perfect his or her self-esteem. Rather honestly, I found Brandens contemplation of a womans self-esteem to be somewhat bothersome at first. I found it difficult to read a work intended for a female audience yet written by a male. Although this opinion may be slightly sexist, I felt only a woman knows a womans feelings and therefore would be more qualified to express her opinion on such a matter. I quickly overcame this bias the further I read Brandens work. Although he is male, he is very knowledgeable and insightful; he knows an enormous amount on this topic, making him just as suitable to write such a book as any woman may be. While reading this work I began to critique my own self-esteem, hoping that it will hold up to the standards set by Branden. It is difficult to accept the fact ones self-esteem is not perfect and will not possess all of the qualities cataloged in the work. The reader must accept the idea that like everything else, improving ones self-esteem will take work, dedication and time. Changing a quality as integral as self-esteem can be extremely demanding. One is obliged to become conscious of the reality that we are not perfect, but at the same time we must strive to purify and rid our self-esteem of all impurities; in essence strive to achieve a powerful, confident and strong self-esteem. Brandens foundation, from which the entire book is built, is the six pillars our self-esteem is constructed upon. We must obtain all six pillars to indeed have a healthy and strong self-esteem. Anne Frank Essay I have found it difficult to attempt to fulfill all six aspects, yet with some work it is possible. To live consciously I try to accept the facts of reality without avoidance or denial. To be self-accepting I must realize the reality of my thoughts, emotions and actions. I try to be respectful and compassionate to others and myself and hold all relationships with great value. I am .

Advanced Care Planning for Geriatrics Society - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvanced Care Planning for Geriatrics Society. Answer: Introduction At first I would like to introduce myself Today I would like to have a small discussion regarding the advanced care planning while dealing with a patient having dementia. First I would like to define advanced care planning. It is nothing but taking decisions for your own health. The decisions solely depend upon you. This is about taking decisions about the type of care one wants to receive if he or she is unable to speak (Mullick, Martin Sallnow, 2013). We can take an example such as, if one is met with an accident, after which he or she is unable to speak, one can tell the health care providers or the caregivers regarding their wishes (Lovell Yates, 2014). Advanced care planning mainly includes: Obtaining information about the treatments that are life sustaining. Deciding what kind of a treatment one would opt for. Sharing the personal values with the loved ones. If one is unable to speak then completing the directives into writing and what type of interventions or treatments, one would like to choose. Decisions about the end of life care for the patients, who are terminally ill. Implications of the advanced care planning on health Advanced care planning can involve discussions regarding the end of life and provision of the early palliative care. Reaserches have suggested that Lack of end of life discussions and receipt of aggressive care at the time of end of life deteriorates the conditions of patients and do not help them to have a peaceful death (Bischoff et al., 2013). On the other hand the advanced care planning had been able to bring about better outcomes in the terminally ill patients, specially the patients suffering from diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (Houben et al., 2014). Communication about advanced care planning or end of life can be tough job for the family members or the loved ones but it should be kept in mind that, lack of understanding of the wishes of a person may result in devaluation of the person, loss in dignity of the person which can cause additional distress in the family members (Brinkman et al., 2014) Case study Today I would like to throw some light upon the case of Mr. Joseph. He as 85 years old and was suffering from acute dementia. He was facing with many troubles such as acute memory loss, cognitive impairment, inability to do even the simplest tasks. He supposedly had developed symptoms of kleptomaniac. All these reasons have led his withdrawal from the society. Currently his condition had deteriorated as he had stopped taking food and medications and he was under artificial life care support system. His daughter had reported, that the nurse that was taking care of Mr. Joseph had applied restraints on him and had tried to feed him forcibly, it was since then that Mr. Jospehs condition has deteriorated. Recently after consultation with the doctors Mr. Joseph and his daughter have wished for an end of the artificial life care support system. Discussion question Was the decision taken up by the doctors and Mr. Josephs daughter, right? It can be stated as a right decision as the decision would help Mr. Joseph to die peacefully. He thinks that he had already accomplished his goals in life and now he wants a peaceful death. It should be noted that such a decision would be useful in bringing about a dignified and peaceful death in the person. Conclusion Advanced care planning or end of life decisions can be painful for the patients and the family members and the doctors, but lack of perceptive of a persons desires can bring distress in the patients health. It can pose additional distress to the health care professionals. Hence advance care planning is important to reduce the distress and serve the dignity of the patient. References Bischoff, K. E., Sudore, R., Miao, Y., Boscardin, W. J., Smith, A. K. (2013). Advance care planning and the quality of end?of?life care in older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,61(2), 209-214. Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A., van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1000-1025. Houben, C. H., Spruit, M. A., Groenen, M. T., Wouters, E. F., Janssen, D. J. (2014). Efficacy of advance care planning: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(7), 477-489. Lovell, A., Yates, P. (2014). Advance care planning in palliative care: a systematic literature review of the contextual factors influencing its uptake 20082012.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1026-1035. McMahan, R. D., Knight, S. J., Fried, T. R., Sudore, R. L. (2013). Advance care planning beyond advance directives: perspectives from patients and surrogates.Journal of pain and symptom management,46(3), 355-365. Mullick, A., Martin, J., Sallnow, L. (2013). Advance care planning.Bmj,347(7930), 28-32. Robinson, L., Dickinson, C., Bamford, C., Clark, A., Hughes, J., Exley, C. (2013). A qualitative study: professionals experiences of advance care planning in dementia and palliative care,a good idea in theory but.Palliative medicine,27(5), 401-408. van der Steen, J. T., van Soest-Poortvliet, M. C., Hallie-Heierman, M., Onwuteaka-Philipsen, B. D., Deliens, L., de Boer, M. E., ... de Vet, H. C. (2014). Factors associated with initiation of advance care planning in dementia: a systematic review.Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,40(3), 743-757.

Intro to site Essays - United States Presidential Inaugurations

Intro to site im kind of a big deal. sometimes im a bigger deal than i think, then i realize tht i am a really big deal. People know me. I have a lot of lesther-bound books. I ate a caterpillar once and my stomach got butterflies. oh my god, how many words do i have to write before this paper is of good enough quality to let me on the site? This has already been like 6 sentences. I might need to stop soon to get food and water and neflix and food and netflix. Life is so hard.. i only want to use this site to get at one essay and im writing an essay to get the essay and its totally not time-efficient at all. Im going to just quote JFK's inaugural speech now. "Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice president Nixon, President Truman, Reverend Clergy, fellow citizens: We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end as well as a beginning--signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago. The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe-the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to FRIENDand foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge--and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom-and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required--not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge--to convert our good words into good deeds--in a new alliance for progress--to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope

Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire

Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire Babur (born Zahir-ud-din Muhammad; February 14, 1483–December 26, 1530) was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. His descendants, the Mughal emperors, built a long-lasting empire that covered much of the subcontinent until 1868, and that continues to shape the culture of India to this day. Babur himself was of noble blood; on his fathers side, he was a Timurid, a Persianized Turk descended from Timur the Lame, and on his mothers side he was a descendant of Genghis Khan. Fast Facts: Babur Known For: Babur conquered the Indian subcontinent and founded the Mughal Empire.Also Known As: Zahir-ud-din MuhammadBorn: February 14, 1483 in Andijan, Timurid EmpireParents: Umar Sheikh Mirza and Qutlaq Nigar KhanumDied: December 26, 1530 in Agra, Mughal EmpireSpouse(s): Aisha Sultan Begum, Zaynab Sultan Begum, Masuma Sultan Begum, Maham Begum, Dildar Begum, Gulnar Aghacha, Gulrukh Begum, Mubarika YousefzaiChildren: 17 Early Life Zahir-ud-din Muhammad, nicknamed Babur or Lion, was born into the Timurid royal family in Andijan, now in Uzbekistan, on February 14, 1483. His father Umar Sheikh Mirza was the Emir of Ferghana; his mother Qutlaq Nigar Khanum was the daughter of Moghuli King Yunus Khan. By the time of Baburs birth, the remaining Mongol descendants in western Central Asia had intermarried with Turkic and Persian peoples and assimilated into the local culture. They were strongly influenced by Persia (using Farsi as their official court language), and they had converted to Islam. Most favored the mystic Sufism-infused style of Sunni Islam. Taking the Throne In 1494, the Emir of Ferghana died suddenly and 11-year-old Babur ascended his fathers throne. His seat was anything but secure, however, with numerous uncles and cousins plotting to replace him. Evidently aware that a good offense is the best defense, the young emir set out to expand his holdings. By 1497, he had conquered the famous Silk Road oasis city of Samarkand. While he was thus engaged, however, his uncles and other nobles rose in rebellion back in Andijan. When Babur turned to defend his base, he once again lost control of Samarkand. The determined young emir had regained both cities by 1501, but the Uzbek ruler Shaibani Khan challenged him over Samarkand and dealt Baburs forces a crushing defeat. This marked the end of Baburs rule in what is now Uzbekistan. Exile in Afghanistan For three years, the homeless prince wandered Central Asia, trying to attract followers to help him retake his fathers throne. Finally, in 1504, he and his small army turned to the southeast, marching over the snow-bound Hindu Kush mountains into Afghanistan. Babur, now 21 years old, besieged and conquered Kabul, establishing a base for his new kingdom. Ever optimistic, Babur would ally himself with the rulers of Herat and Persia and try to take back Fergana in 1510 to 1511. Once more, however, the Uzbeks utterly defeated the Mughul army, driving them back to Afghanistan. Thwarted, Babur began to look south once more. Invitation to Replace Lodi In 1521, a perfect opportunity for southern expansion presented itself to Babur. The sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, Ibrahim Lodi, was hated and reviled by his citizens. He had shaken up the military and court ranks by installing his own followers in place of the old guard and ruled the lower classes with an arbitrary and tyrannical style. After just four years of Lodis rule, the Afghan nobility was so fed up with him that they invited the Timurid Babur to come to the Delhi Sultanate and depose him. Naturally, Babur was quite happy to comply. He gathered an army  and launched a siege on Kandahar. The Kandahar Citadel held out for much longer than Babur had anticipated. As the siege dragged on, however, important nobles and military men from the Delhi Sultanate such as Ibrahim Lodis uncle, Alam Khan, and the governor of Punjab allied themselves with Babur. First Battle of Panipat Five years after his initial invitation to the subcontinent, Babur finally launched an all-out assault on the Delhi Sultanate and Ibrahim Lodi in April 1526. On the plains of Punjab, Baburs army of 24,000- mostly cavalry- rode out against Sultan Ibrahim, who had 100,000 men and 1,000 war elephants. Although Babur appeared to be terribly outmatched, he had something that Lodi did not- guns. The battle that followed, now known as the First Battle of Panipat, marked the fall of the Delhi Sultanate. With superior tactics and firepower, Babur crushed Lodis army, killing the sultan and 20,000 of his men. Lodis fall signaled the beginning of the Mughal Empire (also known as the Timurid Empire) in India. Rajput Wars Babur had overcome his fellow Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate (and of course, most were happy to acknowledge his rule), but the mainly-Hindu Rajput princes were not so easily conquered. Unlike his ancestor Timur, Babur was dedicated to the idea of building a permanent empire in India- he was no mere raider. He decided to build his capital at Agra. The Rajputs, however, put up a spirited defense against this new Muslim and would-be overlord from the north. Knowing that the Mughal army had been weakened at the Battle of Panipat, the princes of Rajputana gathered an army even larger than Lodis and went to war behind Rana Sangam of Mewar. In March 1527 at the Battle of Khanwa, Baburs army managed to deal the Rajputs a huge defeat. The Rajputs were undaunted, however, and battles and skirmishes continued all over the northern and eastern sections of Baburs empire for the next several years. Death In the autumn of 1530, Babur fell ill. His brother-in-law conspired with some of the Mughal court nobles to seize the throne after Baburs death, bypassing Humayun, Baburs eldest son and appointed heir. Humayun hurried to Agra to defend his claim to the throne  but soon fell gravely ill himself. According to legend, Babur cried out to God to spare Humayuns life, offering his own in return. On December 26, 1530, Babur died at the age of 47. Humayun, 22 years old, inherited a rickety empire, beset by internal and external enemies. Like his father, Humayun would lose power and be forced into exile, only to return and stake his claim to India. By the end of his life, he had consolidated and expanded the empire, which would reach its height under his son Akbar the Great. Legacy Babur lived a difficult life, always battling to make a place for himself. In the end, however, he planted the seed for one of the worlds great empires. Babur was a devotee of poetry and gardens, and his descendants would raise all kinds of arts to their apogee during their long reign. The Mughal Empire lasted until 1868, at which point it finally fell to the colonial British Raj. Sources Moon, Farzana.  Babur: the First Moghul in India. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1997.Richards, John F.  The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Research Paper on Jimi Hendrix Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research on Jimi Hendrix - Term Paper Example Discography is about examining the information associated with recording sounds performed by an artist within a specified musical genre. In line with this, Shuker revealed that discography requires the gathering of music information such as the name of the artist(s) involved in the entire music recording process, the time and place where the music recording process took place, the title of the musical piece being performed by the musicians, the exact date when the music was publicly released, and the success rate of the musical piece which can be noted down through the actual sales figures and its actual chart position in the market (Shuker 80). Among the five famous musical recordings of Jimi Hendrix includes: The Cry of Love (1971), the Rainbow Bridge (1971), Crash Landing (1975), Radio One (1988), and Hendrix in the West (1972). Specifically the Cry of Love, the Rainbow Bridge, Crash Landing, and Radio One were studio albums whereas Hendrix in the West was one of the most successful live albums of Hendrix (Gelfand 92 - 101). Back in April 1970, the Cry of Love 31-city tour was launched at LA Forum housing a total of 20,000 audiences (Gelfand 92). Basically, the city tour highlighted the presence of the new Experience line-up together with the Mile’s band and the Buddy Miles Express as part of its opening act (ibid). Right after the city tour, Hendrix intentionally killed himself with drug overdose (Gelfand 100). Half a year after his death, Hendrix’s last 10-song studio album which was entitled â€Å"The Cry of Love† was released in the world market (Faralaco 110). In UK and U.S., this album was released between March 5 and 6 of 1971 which eventually became the top 2 and 3 in England and the U.S. charts respectively (Faralaco 91; Gelfand 101). The Cry of Love was released in LP format. Lasting for 39 weeks, the sales of this album reached gold and platinum award in UK and US respectively (RIAA a). Even though Hendrix died at the age

Critically examine whether legal institutions matter for financial Essay

Critically examine whether legal institutions matter for financial development with further implications for economic growth - Essay Example The greater the levels of financial development in the country, the wider are the provisions of financial services that allow risk diversifications, and this in turn boosts the economic growth curve of a nation. Joseph Schumpeter first proposed the link between economic growth and financial development in the early 20th century, where he claimed that the financial intermediaries advocated technological modifications by providing economic resources for the invention of new products (Schumpeter, 1912). Levine and Zervos (1998) in their papers show that development within the stock market and banking sectors of a nation are reasonably reliable indicators of the economic growth. For industrial expansions at the microeconomic level, Rajan and Zingales (1998) and Demirguc-Kunt and Maksimovic (1998) feel that financial institutions are an essential component. Despite contentions, a majority of the research papers suggest that there is indeed a strong connection between the financial develop ment and economic growth. ... al intermediation and markets, as well as deep and broad access to capital and financial services† (The Financial Development Report 2010, 2010, 4). Here institutions chiefly refer to laws that control and monitor the financial sector, contractual enforcement and the quality of corporate governance. The word â€Å"institution† as defined by Douglas North (1991) states that these are man-devised constraints that shape a nation’s socio-economic and political interaction. These constraints maybe informal like social taboos, sanctions, trust, social traditions and customs, social capital, and social codes of conduct; or they may also be formal like legal system, constitutions, property rights, etc. Institutions have been devised in to create an order in the society, and decrease the chances of uncertainty in various transactions and exchanges. As per economic theories, a strong and stable institutional environment is essential for decreasing the transaction and inform ation charges (Levine, 2004).There are also a significant number of research papers that establish the close relation between financial development and a country’s institutional characteristics, especially its legal framework (Arestis, Demetriades, and Luintel, 2001). Thus, from a study of papers one can conclude that legal institutions from an essential part of the financial development of a nation, since it works towards protecting the investor interests (Barth, J., Caprio, G., and Levine, R., 1999). The law and finance theory centres on the part played by the legal institutions in analysing global differences perceived in financial development (La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer, and Vishny, 2000). The law and finance theory suggests that in countries that have strong legal institutions and effective

Challenges to Chinas State Capacity

Challenges to Chinas State Capacity Conor Shand Identify and describe two major and distinct challenges to state capacity faced by a country over the last decade. How has the state responded and with what success? State-building and development is a long standing component of international politics, dating back several centuries. Ever since the concept of the â€Å"modern nation state† came to fruition, governments have sought to attain and maintain stability within their boundaries, aiming to maximise the capacity of the state. However, each state with alternate institutions, environments and economies will face a variety of challenges to their respective state capacity. China, despite being one of the most significant economic and military powers in the state-system, still faces challenges in optimising its state capacity. As it is formally regarded as a second-world developing country, China still faces numerous challenges to its state capacity despite its relatively high status. Among these challenges, two in particular emerge as the foremost barriers to the maximisation of China’s state capacity; environmental issues unemployment. As China is amongst the most notable pollu tants in the contemporary state-system, with a heavily industrialised nation, its government has worked to counter detrimental environmental effects with varied success over the last decade. Likewise, in the case of unemployment, while China is one of the most powerful economies in the world, it still bears significant unemployment issues due to a number of factors, which the government has tried to address – again, with some results. Ultimately, these two issues have notably compromised China’s state capacity, and the Chinese government has responded with some degree of success to these two particular challenges. In order to identify how it is that these two issues hamper state capacity, it is important to first identify what exactly state capacity is. Neil A. Englehart uses the relatively broad definition of state capacity in stating that state capacity â€Å"refers to the willingness and capability of the state apparatus to carry out government policy.† (Englehart, 2009, p. 166) This definition is particularly effective, as there are many existing definitions of state capacity which contradict each other, due to state capacity being a concept of perception and interpretation. This is because â€Å"state capacity† as a concept aggregates a number of ideas, including military and economic strength, centralization, bureaucratic and administrative ability. (Hanson Sigman, 2013, pp. 1-3) Different governments within different states would prioritise alternate areas in order to ensure a maximised state capacity depending on what that particular government regards as important. For example, in New Zealand, there is a relatively minimal prioritization of military power, with 1% of gross domestic product spent on military costs annually. China on the other hand spends 2.1% of its GDP on military costs, hence it could be argued that China has a greater state capacity than New Zealand. (World Bank, 2014) However, as each state has a requirement for alternative prioritizations respective to their unique circumstances, it is impossible to measure a state’s capacity beyond the government’s ability to exert its policies on the state’s populace. (Kocher, 2010, p. 143) One of the most significant barriers which China has faced in maximising its state capacity over the last decade lies in environmental deterioration. Over an extended period of economic reform, which began in the late 1970’s, China has become massively industrialised, with a consistently used maxim of â€Å"first development, then environment† actively used in the 1980-90’s. (Economy, 2011, pp. 18-19) This method of reform led to China becoming one of the most industrially profitable contemporary states, with a current estimate of 45.3% of its GDP being derived from the industrial sector. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013) While the GDP boom born out of this industrialisation can in some ways be seen as positive, it has also caused significant detriment to the environment and quantity of resources consumed in China. Air and water pollution as well as energy efficiency and deforestation have caused numerous environmental complications, with one study finding the existence of a â€Å"long-run cointegration relationship between per capita emissions of three pollutants (waste gas, waste water, and solid wastes) and per capita GDP.† (Zhang, 2009, p. 2707) The inverse relationship between China’s economic growth and environmental wellbeing created a complex challenge to China’s state capacity in that it made it difficult for the Chinese government to execute policy favouring one option without causing adverse effect to the other. In the last decade the Chinese government has sought to significantly reform the area of environmental law, with the aim of balancing out the quantity of attention given to environmental issues. A notable example of the government’s attempts to resolve the pollution/growth standoff can be seen in the 2002 Cleaner Production Promotion Law, which was introducedin the interest of advocating â€Å"cleaner production, increasing the utilization ratio of resources, reducing and preventing pollutant-generating, protecting and improving the environment, protecting human health, and promoting the sustainable development of the economy and society.† (gov.cn, 2002, p. Article 1) This law amongst others emerged in the 21st century as the Chinese government sought to bring its industrial sector into line with its environmental goals, so as to give the Chinese government a greater ability to exert its state capacity over environmental issues. This significant industrial reforms has b een accompanied by other significant ones in the last decade. The Chinese government sought to resolve the issue of air pollution created by its heavily coal-fuelled industrial sector, with a series of policies set to restrain air pollution in the future. (Zhao, Lei, Lei, Cao , 2008, pp. 8442-8444) In addition to this, the government has also addressed excessive levels of energy consumption, enabling policies which would reduce carbon dioxide emissions whilst maintaining economic development by increasing energy efficiency. (Polenske Lin, 1993, pp. 249-251) While there were some significant attempts at reform, such as the aforementioned policy changes, it is still evident that China has not been able to exert the necessary quantity of state capacity so as to reduce environmental degradation. In the words of Han Shi and Lei Zhangâ€Å"the relatively comprehensive environmental regulatory framework established since the late 1970s had failed to prevent the overall deterioration of environmental quality†. (Shi Zhang, 2006, p. 277) One reason for this failure lies in the fact that while the central government formally introduced the policies, local governments regulated these policies, meaning that many reforms were loosely enforced so as to avoid significant economic detriment. (Blanchard Stanway, 2014) This in turn reflects the lack of state capacity at the disposal of the central government, due to its inability to wholly implement its policies. In addition to this, some point at the lack of punitive measures employed to reduce pollution as a sign that the government is unwilling or unable to exert its desired policies, however ultimately it can be concluded that the Chinese government seems to lack the capacity on the whole to significantly curb environmental degradation. A second unique issue which China has faced in the last decade is that of unemployment, which has increased – most significantly as a result of China’s period of economic reform – from 6.1% to 11% over a 6 year period. (Giles Park, 2005, pp. 149-150 ) Previously a system of social welfare existed wherein the majority of China’s population were guaranteed incomes of some form. However this system was abandoned in the 1990’s, which led to significant increases in income inequality and unemployment in China. (Leung, 1994, p. 341) The economic reform meant that the state would become free of many previously financially draining public sector institutions, however at the same time it in turn proved a challenge as to whether China had the state capacity to either support those who were newly unemployed, or whether it could create replacement jobs for them. In the last decade the Chinese government sought to lessen the impact of this economic reform, and introducing a series of aids and safeguards in order to ensure that those who found themselves unemployed would have a â€Å"soft landing†, as the government once again faced the dilemma of prioritizing unemployment a previously secondary issue – over economic growth, the primary goal. (Angang Xin, 2006, p. 45) These aids and safeguards included concepts such as unemployment insurance, the implementation of labour contract law and other forms of welfare to ensure that people would have some form of financial support. However the drafting and successful introduction of these policies was significantly hampered by a relatively weak level of state capacity. Jane Duckett and Athar Hussein outline three primary reasons as to why the Chinese state lacked the capacity to adequately address this unemployment. The initial reason that was raised lay in the fact that the state lack ed the ability to adequately survey the nation as the degree and nature of the unemployment. Secondly, the state lacked the ability and infrastructure to enforce the participation of the people in any unemployment scheme. Thirdly, the state lacked the infrastructure to ensure that non-central government bodies holistically employed the scheme. (Duckett Athar, 2008, pp. 211-213) While there have been some moves towards reducing this unemployment, the constraints on the central government’s ability to implement its policies serve as evidence that China has a distinct inability to exert its state capacity with near-maximum effectiveness. The first, and most notable challenge which the capacity the Chinese state faced was that of environmental degradation, which additionally served to test as to whether the central government could successfully balance economic growth with environmental maintenance. While the government did implement many policies, they were only effective to a certain degree, as the lack of a wholly efficient centralized state power meant that many of the policies were not executed to the extent which had been intended by the central government. This issue again rose when the lesser-recognised issue of unemployment in China was countered by the government, as while the central government did introduce some economic reforms in order to support those who became unemployed, infrastructural issues in local governments weakened the effectiveness the Chinese government’s response, hence preventing the Chinese government from wholly exerting its full state capacity. Bibliography Angang, H., Xin, S. (2006). Urban Unemployment in China A Background Analysis. In G. Lee, M. Garner, Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labour Markets (pp. 36-62). Routledge. Blanchard, B., Stanway, D. (2014, March 4). China to declare war on pollution, premier says. Retrieved from reuters.com: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/us-china-parliament-pollution-idUSBREA2405W20140305 Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, August 22). The CIA World Factbook 2013. Retrieved from Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/download/download-2013/index.html Duckett, J., Athar, H. (2008). Tackling unemployment in China: state capacity and governance issues. The Pacific Review Volume 21, Issue 2, 211-229. Economy, E. C. (2011). The river runs black: the environmental challenge to Chinas future. Cornell University Press. Englehart, N. A. (2009). State Capacity, State Failure, and Human Rights . Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 46, No. 2 (March), 163-180. Giles, J., Park, A. (2005). What is Chinas true unemployment rate? China Economic Review Volume 16, Issue 2, 149–170. gov.cn. (2002, June 29). Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Promotion of Cleaner Production (Order of the President No.72). Retrieved from gov.cn: http://english.gov.cn/laws/2005-10/08/content_75059.htm Hanson, J., Sigman, R. (2013, May 1). Leviathans Latent Dimensions: Measuring State Capacity for Comparative Political Research. APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper. Kocher, M. A. (2010). State Capacity as a Conceptual Variable. Yale Journal of International Affairs 5 Yale J. Intl Aff Issue 2 Summer, 137-146. Leung, J. C. (1994). Dismantling the ‘Iron Rice Bowl’: Welfare Reforms in the Peoples Republic of China. Journal of Social Policy / Volume 23 / Issue 03 /, 341-361. Polenske, K., Lin, X. (1993). Conserving energy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in China. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics Volume 4, Issue 2, December, 249–265. Shi, H., Zhang, L. (2006). Chinas environmental governance of rapid industrialisation. Environmental Politics Vol. 15, No. 2,, 271-292. World Bank. (2014, July 22). Data Military expenditure (% of GDP). Retrieved from worldbank.org: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS Zhang, X.-P. (2009). Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China. Ecological Economics Volume 68, Issue 10, 2706–2712. Zhao, Y., Lei, Lei, Y., Cao , P. (2008). Primary air pollutant emissions of coal-fired power plants in China: Current status and future prediction. Atmospheric Environment Volume 42, Issue 36 November, 8442–8452.