How Abortion Harms Women’s Health Essay

Advocates of legalized abortion downplay or deny the health risks associated with abortion. However, the research indicates that abortion isolates women and can often cause physical and psychological suffering. Physical complications Abortion can cause both short-term and long-term physical complications, and can significantly affect a woman’s ability to have healthy future pregnancies. Physical complications include cervical lacerations and injury, uterine perforations, bleeding, hemorrhage, serious infection, pain, and incomplete abortion.[3] Risks of complications increase with gestational age and are dependent upon the abortion procedure.[4] Long-term physical consequences of abortion include future preterm birth and placenta previa (improper implantation of the placenta) in future pregnancies.[5] Premature delivery is associated with higher rates of cerebral palsy, as well as respiratory, brain, and bowel abnormalities. One recent large-scale evaluation published in Pediatrics, has concluded that preterm birth is the most frequent cause of infant death in the U.S.[6] Pregnancies complicated by placenta previa result in high rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal death, and maternal morbid ity.[7] While the question of whether abortion can increase the risk of breast cancer is hotly debated, a number of scientific studies have indicated that induced abortion can adversely affect a woman’s future risk of breast cancer. Further, it has been clearly shown that induced abortion in young women causes the loss of a protective effect from a first, full-term pregnancy which when followed by a delay in child bearing, has the net effect of an increased risk for breast cancer.[8] Physical complications from chemical abortion with the drug RU-486 include hemorrhage, infection, and missed ectopic pregnancy (a potentially fatal complication). Since 2000, at least 8 women have died from RU-486 due to hemorrhage and infection.[9] Psychological complications A â€Å"pro-choice† research team in New Zealand, analyzing data from a 25-year period and controlling for multiple factors both pre- and post-abortion, found conclusively that abortion in young women is associated with increased risks of major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidal behaviors, and substance dependence.[10] This is the most comprehensive, long-term study ever conducted on the issue. Other studies also conclude that there is substantial evidence of a causal association between induced abortion and both substance abuse and suicide.[11] A review of over 100 long-term international studies concluded that induced abortion increases risks for mood disorders enough to provoke attempts at self harm.[12] Researchers have also identified a pattern of psychological problems, known collectively as Post- Abortion Syndrome, in which women may experience depression, anxiety, anger, flashbacks, guilt, grief, denial, and relationship problems. Post-Abortion Syndrome has been identified in research as a subset of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.[13] Further, studies analyzing the effects of induced abortion in adolescents have shown that those who abort reported more frequent problems sleeping, more frequent marijuana use, and an increased need for psychological counseling, when compared to adolescents who give birth.[14] Moira Gaul is director of women’s and reproductive health at the Family Research Council. She has a Master of Public Health degree with an emphasis in maternal and child health. Consequences for women There is extensive evidence of physical, mental and emotional consequences for women and their families when pregnant mothers use abortion to end an inconvenient pregnancy. Major Articles and Books Concerning the Detrimental Effects of Abortion reports that in the short term (eight weeks after the abortion), there are numerous indicators of emotional distress: 44 per cent of women who have abortions complain of nervous disorders, 36 per cent have trouble sleeping, 31 per cent regret their decision to abort and 11 per cent have been prescribed psychotropic drugs. But it is the longer-term problems that bear more scrutiny. Using the most conservative estimate of post-abortion syndrome, or PAS, Dr. Brenda Major in the Archives of General Psychiatry in 2000, found 1.6 per cent of women who have an abortion will suffer from PAS, a variant of post-traumatic stress disorder. In Canada, that would mean approximately 50,000 women are suffering emotionally due to their abortions. Dr. Hanna Sà ¶derberg’s studies suggest the number could be closer to 60 per cent. Either way, there are many women with PAS. In Canada, the 1977 Report of the Committee on the Operation of the Abortion Law cited a five-year study in two provinces that found women who had an abortion used medical and psychiatric services much more often than others; in fact, 25 per cent of women who aborted made at least one visit to a psychiatrist compared to just 3 per cent of other women. Alcoholism and drug abuse are higher among women who have abortions than those who don’t. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology noted in December 2002 that later alcohol and drug use during subsequent pregnancies could place newborn children at higher risk of congenital defects, low birthweight and even death. In all, there are nearly two dozen studies that link abortion to alcohol and drug abuse. Extrapolating from research conducted by Dr. David Reardon of the Elliott Institute, as many as 5,000 Canadian women will â€Å"begin abusing drugs and/or alcohol as a means of dea ling with post-abortion stress.† In 1996, the British Medical Journal reported that the suicide rate for women â€Å"after an abortion was three times the general suicide rate and six times that associated with birth.† This confirmed earlier studies and has been replicated since. Reardon says â€Å"one reason for the strong abortion-suicide link exists in the fact that in many ways, abortion is like suicide. A person who threatens suicide is actually crying out for help. So are women who contemplate abortion. Both are in a state of despair. Both are lonely. Both feel faced by insurmountable odds.† So it is no wonder that abortion does not solve the perceived problem: that of the inconvenient pregnancy. Post-abortive women are more prone to suicide, cigarette smoking, divorce, low self-esteem, sexual dysfunction, eating disorders and reduced maternal bonding with future children, resulting in child neglect or abuse. Women who have had abortions are more likely to be on public assistance, because their pathologies (promiscuity, inability to form healthy relationships, drug and alcohol abuse) are likely to make them single parents. In 2004, Thomas Strahan, a researcher with the Association of Interdisciplinary Research in the United States, found that abortion hurts women economically: â€Å"The repeated utilization of abortion appears to lead not to economic prosperity or social well-being, but to an increasing feminization of poverty.† But post-abortion health problems are not merely emotional. The Elliott Institute has collated the best available data on the physical risk complications of abortion and it reports that â€Å"approximately 10 per cent of women undergoing elect ive abortion will suffer immediate complications, of which approximately one-fifth (2 per cent) are considered life threatening.† The most common immediate major complications include infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury and endotoxic shock. Minor complications include infection, bleeding, fever, second-degree burns, chronic abdominal pain, vomiting, gastro-intestinal disturbances and Rh sensitization. In the Canadian context, that means 10,000 women a year suffer complications and 2,000 face potentially life-threatening major complications. Other problems manifest themselves over time. There are more than 30 studies that show a correlation between abortion and breast cancer, with women who had abortions more likely to get breast cancer. Women also face increased risk of cervical, ovarian and liver cancer. The risk for these four cancers are linked to the unnatural disruption of hormonal changes accompanying pregnancy. Untreated cervical damage increases the chances of getting cervical cancer. Between 2 and 3 per cent of all abortion patients suffer perforation of the uterus; this often leads to complications in subsequent pregnancies, the need for a hysterectomy and other complications, including osteoporosis. Smaller cervical lacerations can also cause problems, including cervical incompetence and subsequent labour complications. Abortion also increases the risk of placenta previa in later pregnancies, which is life-threatening to both mother (excessive bleeding) and unborn child (perinatal death), and increases the chance of fetal malformation. Women who have abortions are more than twice as likely to suffer subsequent labour complications, including premature delivery. Pre-term delivery increases the risk of neo-natal death and handicaps. Abortion increases the risk of ectopic pregnancies and pelvic inflammatory disease, both of which can reduce future fertility or threaten the life of the mother. Recent nation-wide data is unavailable in Canada, but Alberta and Nova Scotia statistics indicate that repeat abortions account for about one-third of all procedures. Repeat aborters vastly increase their risk of complications and this has serious consequences for those who routinely utilize abortion as birth control; it also costs the health care system. Perhaps most worrying is that women who have abortions are more likely to die prematurely. Reardon notes, â€Å"Women who abort are approximately four times more likely to die in the following year than women who carry their pregnancies to term† – and that † women who carry to term are only half as likely to die (pre-maturely) as women who were not pregnant.† That includes accidental deaths, suicides and homicides, among other causes. The evidence that abortion harms women – and their loved ones – is overwhelming. But the harm goes beyond individuals. Societal costs No one knows for sure how much abortion costs taxpayers through the country’s socialized health care system. With the exception of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, which do not cover the entire cost of abortions committed in private facilities, the provinces pay for abortions in both hospitals and free-standing facilities. LifeCanada estimates that the cost just for the surgical abortion procedures is $80 million (an average of $800 multiplied by 100,000 abortions). Because of under-reporting of abortion, there is reason to believe the cost is actually greater. In 1995, the Library of Parliament Research Branch said determining the cost of abortion is a â€Å"complex and inexact process.† But that is only the surgery. The number of follow-up visits for immediate complications is not made public (if tracked at all) and so those costs are unknowable. There is also the cost of long-term problems including fertility treatments, psychiatry and drug/alcohol treatment. There are other costs, as well; that of missing students, consumers and taxpayers. The loss of 100,000 children every year means smaller classrooms and closed schools. In 2005, People for Education, an advocacy group, reported that the rate of school closures in Ontario has more than doubled in recent years. Between 1986 and 1995, an average of 24 Ontario schools were closed every year, but between 1999 and 2005, it was an average of 52 schools per year. Remarkably, that is despite attracting the bulk of the country’s immigrants. The fact is that Canada is an aging country in which many smaller communities and older neighbourhoods no longer have the children and teens to sustain elementary and high schools. According to the Canadian Council on Learning, â€Å"The steepest declines tend to occur in small, rural and remote school districts.† It cites as an example British Columbia, where 10 school districts have seen their enrolments fall by at least 15 per cent since 200 1, seven of which are rural districts with smaller populations. From 1997-2005, 11 of 13 provinces and territories experienced a drop in enrolment, with six of them seeing declines of at least 10 per cent. The problem is worst in Atlantic Canada. Dr. Gerald Galway of the Faculty of Education at Memorial University in St. John’s gave a presentation to the 2009 Atlantic School Boards Conference entitled, â€Å"Where have all the children gone?† In it, he noted that school enrolment in Atlantic Canada has fallen precipitously over the past several decades. While intra-provincial migration accounts for some decline in population, he mostly blames falling fertility rates. Notably, in Newfoundland, enrolment has declined every year since 1971, except in 1984 (with the introduction of Grade 12). In fact, the school-aged population has been cut in half since 1971, from 160,000 to 80,000. Over the long term, more communities will lose their schools and policy makers will have to make difficult decisions on how to provide quality education in sparsely populated areas. There are also ramifications for public finance. Pierre Fortin, a professor of economics at the Università © du Quà ©bec à   Montrà ©al, says there will be â€Å"a marked deterioration of public finances† because of increased health care costs and pension liabilities as the number of seniors grows rapidly and income tax revenues decrease due to fewer workers. The result is fewer taxpayers supporting more retirees. By 2015, there will be more seniors over 65 than children under 15; it is estimated that by 2030, those over 65 will comprise 25 per cent of the population. According to the 2008 documentary The Cost of Abortion, the cumulative financial loss of nearly 50 million abortions in the United States from 1973-2007 was $37 trillion in GDP over the course of 35 years. That’s lost production and lost consumption due to the 50 million missing children and (later) workers. Assuming that Canada would have suffered a proportionate loss, the Canadian GDP over the past four decades would be in the neighbourhood of $4 trillion – or $100 billion per year. That represents about 7 per cent of the current Canadian economy. In other words, the economic activity of a population not decimated by abortion would be equivalent to more than twice the stimulus package Ottawa announced in January. But after 3.2 million abortions over four decades, the missing children translate into missing economic activity. The cheapening of human life The greatest cost imposed on a society that permits abortion is the devaluing of human life and the diminishment of family life. Abortion does not stalk the nation alone; but rather, as part of the larger culture of death. Since the legalization of abortion, contraception, gay sex and divorce in the 1960s, there has been a decline in marital stability, with growth in sexual activity outside marriage and other sexually deviant behaviour and new assaults on human life. There are more ways to chemically eliminate newly conceived life with the abortifacient morning-after pill and abortion drugs like RU-486. With pregnancy made easily avoidable, is it surprising that courts (and later Parliament) ignored the reproductive role of marriage when they redefined the institution to include same-sex partners? In 2003, the Liberal government passed legislation opening the door to destructive embryonic stem cell research, cloning and other scientific experimentation that treats human life as raw m aterial to be harvested and exploited. If inconvenient human life can be eliminated by mothers and doctors, why not create convenient lives for scientists and other researchers? And lastly – though not yet – is euthanasia. Once the principle is established that inconvenient human beings can be killed, the question becomes who’s next. The answer, if the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland and Oregon and Washington are harbingers, is the terminally ill, the disabled and the old. Of course, we’ve already had Tracey Latimer and Sue Rodriguez and dozens of others whose names weren’t quite national news. But these are renegades, operating outside the law. Perhaps, though, not for long. Twice in the past four years, Bloc Quebecois MP Francine Lalonde has introduced a private member’s bill to legalize euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Public opinion leans toward so-called â€Å"mercy killing.† The principle of eliminating inconvenient people is well established. The great corrupter Abortion corrupts every institution that promotes or even countenances it. Two examples are government (and politics) and the medical profession, although one could also look at the failure of religious leadership, the denigration of the law and so much more. As Fr. Alphonse de Valk noted in his 1979 pamphlet The Worst Law Ever, the medical profession didn’t take long to become fanatical in its support for abortion. In fact, de Valk said â€Å"the one group which obviously has suffered most from the 1969 law is the medical profession.† In the 1960s, the Canadian Medical Association lobbied for widening the abortion law to permit abortions to save the life or protect the health of the mother (albeit with a broad understanding of mental and emotional health). By 1973, it endorsed abortion on demand. Two years later, it amended the Hippocratic Oath to remove the reference against abortifacients that had been in place for 2,500 years. In 1977, it attempted to make abortion referrals mandatory, even in cases in which doctors were morally opposed. That battle continues more than three decades later. Over the past 40 years, medical professionals have been harassed over their opposition to abortion and most medical schools screen applicants to keep pro-lifers out. Nurses have been fired, removed from certain duties and refused work because of their pro-life views, as have pharmacists. In order to make â€Å"choice† available to those seeking abortions, the choice of health care professionals to act according to their consciences has been compromised and even excised. Abortion has also corrupted the political process. Parliament fashioned a dishonest and untenable amendment in 1969 – the therapeutic abortion committees which sanctioned the killing of the unborn. The Supreme Court threw out the minimal restrictions in 1988 and ordered Parliament to write a new abortion law. The Mulroney government twice introduced legislation to address the abortion issue, but the limits were once again giant loopholes that would not have restricted abortion. Since then, abortion has been permitted within the vacuum created by the absence of a law. Politicians are scared of the issue. Many provincial politicians refuse to answer questions about abortion, claiming it is a federal matter (which it is as a matter of criminal law, but not as health policy). Many federal politicians hide behind the false notion that the 1988 Morgentaler decision established a right to abortion. (It did not, with only one of seven justices suggesting such a right.) In the 2000 federal election, then-prime minister Jean Chretien declared that Canada had â€Å"social peace† on the issue of abortion; in reality, it was the silence of timorous politicians enforced by a rigid media censorship of any substantive debate on the topic. That censorship is widespread. Since 1995, British Columbia has had a legislated bubble zone prohibiting any pro-life speech near abortion facilities. In 1994, the Ontario government asked for and received a â€Å"temporary† injunction prohibiting pro-life speech near five abortion mills; that injunction remains in place today. In Quebec, a limited bubble zone is in place in several municipalities. Such censorship has moved to university campuses, where pro-life groups are denied club status and pro-life speakers or demonstrators are prevented from making their presentations. To protect abortion from any criticism or resistance, genuine human rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of association and freedom of conscience, are curbed. Such illiberal and intolerant measures are deemed necessary to defend â€Å"choice.† Conclusion These are but a few of the consequences of a broad abortion licence, a quick overview of the toll of abortion. Sold to a willingly ignorant public as a matter of personal choice, abortion has had terrible consequences for society and, tragically, the women who choose abortion thinking it is a solution to their perceived problems. The enormity of the consequences, one would presume, would lead to a massive re-thinking of unrestricted legal abortion. But instead of either sober reflection or a vigorous debate on abortion’s societal and individual ramifications, there is silence. And more death. And more suffering. Forty more years and millions more deaths are too great a cost for a dearth of necessary leadership to oppose abortion. But someday, these costs and consequences will be too great to ignore. Until then, we will continue to pay in blood, treasure, women’s health and a myriad of other ways. Is Abortion Safe? Psychological Consequences Clinical research provides a growing body of scientific evidence that having an abortion can cause psychological harm to some women. â€Å"Women who report negative after-effects from abortion know exactly what their problem is,† observed psychologist Wanda Franz, Ph.D., in a March 1989 congressional hearing on the impact of abortion. â€Å"They report horrible nightmares of children calling them from trash cans, of body parts, and blood,† Franz told the Congressional panel. â€Å"When they are reminded of the abortion,† Franz testified, â€Å"the women re-experienced it with terrible psychological pain †¦ They feel worthless and victimized because they failed at the most natural of human activities — the role of being a mother.†[106] The emergence of chemical abortion methods poses a new possibly more devastating psychological threat. Unlike surgical abortions, in which women rarely see the cut up body parts, women having chemical abortions often do see the complete tiny bodies of their unborn children and are even able to distinguish the child’s developing hands, eyes, etc. [107] So traumatic is this for some women that both patients and researchers involved in these studies have recommended that women unprepared for the experience of seeing their aborted children not take the drugs. [108] Long-term psychological implications of this experience have not been studied. Researchers on the after-effects of abortion have identified a pattern of psychological problems known as Post-Abortion Syndrome (PAS). Women suffering PAS may experience drug and alcohol abuse, personal relationship disorders, sexual dysfunction, repeated abortions, communications difficulties, damaged self-esteem, and even attempt suicide. Post-Abortion Syndrome appears to be a type of pattern of denial which may last for five to ten years before emotional difficulties surface. [109] Now that some clinicians have established that there is an identifiable patterns to PAS, they face a new challenge. What is still unknown is how widespread psychological problems are among women who have had abortions. A Los Angeles Times survey in 1989 found that 56% of women who had abortions felt guilty about it, and 26% â€Å"mostly regretted the abortion.†[110] Clinicians’ current goal should be to conduct extensive national research studies to obtain data on the psychological after-effects of abortion.[111] With the growing awareness of Post Abortion Syndrome in scholarly and clinical circles, women with PAS can expect to receive a more sensitive appreciation of the suffering that they endure. Fortunately, a growing network of peer support groups of women who have had abortions offers assistance to women who are experiencing emotional difficulties. Many post-abortive women have also been speaking out publicly about their own abortion experiences and the healing process they went through.. Women or family members seeking information about this particular outreach can contact American Victims of Abortion, 419 7th Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, D.C., 20004. Physical Consequences after abortion DEATH: According to the best record based study of deaths following pregnancy and abortion, a 1997 government funded study in Finland, women who abort are approximately four times more likely to die in the following year than women who carry their pregnancies to term. In addition, women who carry to term are only half as likely to die as women who were not pregnant.(16) The Finland researchers found that compared to women who carried to term, women who aborted in the year prior to their deaths were 60 percent more likely to die of natural causes, seven times more likely to die of suicide, four times more likely to die of injuries related to accidents, and 14 times more likely to die from homicide. Researchers believe the higher rate of deaths related to accidents and homicide may be linked to higher rates of suicidal or risk-taking behavior.(16) The leading causes of abortion related maternal deaths within a week of the surgery are hemorrhage, infection, embolism, anesthesia, and undiagnosed ectopic pregnancies. Legal abortion is reported as the fifth leading cause of maternal death in the United States, though in fact it is recognized that most abortion related deaths are not officially reported as such.(2)

Handwriting Analysis Essay

As the World’s Economy drops down, the need for jobs has rapidly increased over the years, but how do employers tell a hardworking potential from a lazy couch potato? In resumes anyone can write anything, so how do people tell the truth from a lie? In the world of businesses, the secret lies in the hands of the employees. Some employers decide to trust the resume as it is, while others choose another notion. A number of bosses have chosen to â€Å"read† their potential employees’ handwriting to understand their personality. The applicants perform a simple test. Then, people who are known as graphologists study the handwriting to uncover information about that certain person. Graphologists do not always just study a person’s handwriting. They study it and develop ways so that it is possible to uncover more information about the brain and its mysteries. Handwriting, is sometimes seen as a â€Å"blueprint to the brain† because it has been discovered to show one’s values and personality, which gives hope to the scientists around the world that the seclusive mass in the skull’s secrets can be unlocked and, maybe, be shared with the public. Handwriting analysis is an art that is used to figure out a person’s traits and characteristics. Nowadays, anyone can click on a website that shows all the rules and guidelines to become a handwriting analyzer. They then claimed that â€Å"anyone can understand their personality,† but analyzing does not mean understanding, it means discovering. So how can one understand their personality? There is always a beginning to start an end. In the history of handwriting analysis, it first started with the Emperor Nero. As everyone knows, he was paranoid and a tyrant. He had said that every letter sent to him had to be studied by an expert to see if the sender was an enemy or not. Thus graphology took it’s first flight. However, the first book about graphology was created by a scientist, Alderius Prosper about 1619. Later, in 1622, a medicine professor named Camillo Baldi created a composition about handwriting analysis. It was called â€Å"How to Know the Habits and the Character of a Person From His Letters†. Later, in 1871, another scientist named Jean Hippolyte Michan officially called the study â€Å"graphology† and created the system and rules that now help graphologists in their work around the world. Before this time, there was not much progress that helped  graphology and handwriting analysis. In 1880 – 1883 there were three German psychi atrists, Dr. George Meyer, Dr. Wilhelm Preyer, and Dr. Ludwig Klages. They all examined graphology and pointed it to a psychological turn. Around 1897 – 1927, the Germans and the Americans were having a race to see which country could establish a theory about graphology first. It ended in 1908, when the Germans scientists created the German Graphological Society. Finally in 1927, Louise Rice created the American Graphology Society. Until the time Louise Rice came along, no one in America had known what graphology or handwriting analysis was. In 1952, Klara Roman experimented with muscle tension by making a machine that could measure the pressure of the hand as it drags a writing utensil around the paper. After creating the machine device, she used it to experiment on little children’s handwritings. Then in 1955, Klara Roman and George Staemphli invented a chart that is now called the Graphological Psychogram. It puts different variables in order for an experiment which then they plotted them on the chart. For example, they would add more sleep or bring in moody people. Later, a New Yorker with the name Daniel Anthony refined the psychogram to be more accurate. When people look closely at their own handwriting, they can see that all handwriting is different and that they have their own styles. However, what most people do not realize is that they are not all unique. Instead, each handwriting has adopted a different aspect of a style. Say, there is a face. Each piece, or feature, of the face can change, but it is still the same feature. The only other difference that feature shows to other feature is their appearance. Such as it is with handwriting, each â€Å"feature† may look different, however, it is still the same. It is inevitable and can never be changed. According to dailymail.co.uk, no matter what method, formula, or any idea used to teach calligraphy, it does not affect the pupil’s handwriting. There are many â€Å"features† to handwriting that makes a handwriting unique. Such as, the handwriting’s size, spacing, signatures, shape, and etcetera. The size of one’s handwriting can be varied at times, but there is always a specific size that your hand would write into. Some people naturally have large handwriting, which can be greater than seven millimeters. A medium sized script can tend to be four to six millimeters long while a small sized font can be less than three millimeters. Also, the  spacing of one’s calligraphy can be managed as well, however, many people have never cared enough to keep their spacing even. Spacing can be determined by how far their words are from each other. Sometimes, the spacing of the words can be as far as a finger widths apart or one to two millimeters apart. The spacing can affect many parts of your handwriting. Such as it is with the signatures. The signature can be extremely hard to write or one of the most simple tasks. Whichever way it is, there is only one simple difference between them: if it is legible or illegible. That is the only difference for the signatures of one’s writing. The shape of one’s manuscript is one of the biggest differences between handwritings. They could be circular shaped, jagged points, curled, or looped. The possibilities of the different aspects can be endless. These are the different styles of one’s personal handwritings. Just like handwriting, there are many different types of personalities. However, most personalities are made up of character traits that are joined together to create one identity. Personalities are how we act or react to our daily lives. It is what links our actions and our thoughts together in what we call an attitude. There are many different types of personalities that contrast each other, but on the contrary, some tend to be alike. There are generally placed into four groups. These groups can be summarized as four characters from the Hundred Acre Woods in the Disney cartoon â€Å"Winnie the Pooh.† The Tigger, the Rabbit, the Eeyore, and the Pooh bear. The Tiggers tend to be enthusiastic, nice, the happy-go-lucky open, and more approachable. Meanwhile there is the Eeyore personality. These Eeyore people tend to be sullen, and often in a corner ignoring everybody. They are not lonely or sad, but it is that they like being alone and that it is just their nature to be alone. Even though they are solitary, they are also observant. Eeyores take in their surroundings and let everything unravel as they sit and do nothing. The Rabbit people, however, are very mismatched from the Tiggers and the Eeyores. The Rabbit people are the born leaders and they take responsibility when their is no one to take charge. They are ambitious and persevere to complete a task. They can sometimes become very bossy at times and Lastly, there is the Pooh bears. They are the most caring and friendliest of the groups. Pooh bears tend to be a people pleaser  even if they have to suffer for it. However, they enjoy to be uncomfortable if everyone is comfortable too. They tend to be the very nice people and sometimes gullible. Now these are only groups that personalitees can fall into. Though, there can be a mix of two or more groups to create a different identity. Handwriting used to be seen as an innocent tool to communicate with a pen and paper. Now, scientists have uncovered that not only does handwriting tell you moods and values, it can tell about your personalities. There is a key or a system, created by Jean Hippolyte Michan that can tell about different attributes. Meaning, with each â€Å"feature† of handwriting, there is a personality trait that matches up with that feature. A large sized handwriting symbolizes an outgoing trait in that person. A wide space between the words mean that the person prefers being alone rather that being with other people. However, there is a variable that can change. When you have a mood change, you can write differently than usual. For example, if you are happy you write contrasting how your handwriting would look when you are sad. So it can change depending on your mood. It can grow bigger, tilt more to the left or right, or become more messy. Another aspect that can affect your calligraphy is y our self-esteem. Your self-esteem is what your perspective is of yourself and what kind of person you think you are. It can constantly change it can only do so if a person thinks of themselves as a higher or lower being. For instance, a person with a higher self-esteem would look different if that same person had a lower self-esteem. Mainly though, one’s handwriting would differ the most depending on if the writer is conscious of his or her piece or not. Consciously writing would mean that the writer is writing and paying attention as he/she drags the writing utensil across the paper. Unconsciously means that the person knows that he is writing, but does not pay attention to how it looks. Such is the case when it comes to handwriting analysis, the main difference between unconsciously writing and consciously writing is that when you do not pay attention to how you write, the font tends to be messier, bigger, and less accurate than how it would be if you were consciously writing. There is a great significance to handwriting to handwriting analysis.  Handwriting Analysis is an art that is occasionally practiced by the police and used to see a what kind of person someone by trying to uncover your personality. It can also tell what mood a person is whether your happy or sad. A happy person tends to have bigger handwriting. It can also determine what a person’s values are. They can see your morals or beliefs depending on what they are looking at. There are many styles of handwriting, and it is possible that it would lead to a personality trait that would describe you. This is the importance of handwriting analysis. Handwriting analysis took a slow and long journey to be able to be what it is now. From the year 54 AD to the twenty-first century, it had progressed into a flourishing study that is researched by young and old. The style of a handwriting is the heartbeat of the whole study. With many different attributes that constructs themselves into different fonts, they all look very different. Like handwriting styles, there are different character traits that makes up one gigantic personality. However, with each â€Å"feature† of a certain handwriting, there is always a personality trait that is matched up with that â€Å"feature.† As said before, one can know their personality, but many can not understand it, so how can one be able to understand his/her personality? As many struggle to become one with themselves they begin to have doubts growing in them and soon they are confused. However, there is conviction that a person can understand their personality. Works Cited Page Lowe, Sheila. â€Å"What Does Your Handwriting Say About You?† Primer Magazine. Andrew, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. Sheikh, F.D. â€Å"What Lies in Your Handwriting.† Web log post. In the Name of the Human†¦ F.D. Sheikh, 13 Mar. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2013. Woollaston, Victoria. â€Å"What Does Your Handwriting Say about You?† Mail Online(2013): n. pag. Mail Online. 29 July 2013. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.

Meaning, Origin, and Uses of Gringo

So someone calls you a gringo or gringa. Should you feel insulted? It depends. Nearly always referring to foreigners in a Spanish-speaking country, gringo is one of those words whose precise meaning, and often its emotional quality, can vary with geography and context. Yes, it can be and often is an insult. But it can also be a term of affection or neutral. And the word has been used long enough outside of Spanish-speaking areas that it is listed in English dictionaries, spelled and pronounced essentially the same in both languages. Origin of Gringo The etymology or origin of the Spanish word is uncertain, although it is likely to have come from griego, the word for Greek. In Spanish, as in English, it has long been common to refer to an unintelligible language as Greek. (Think Its Greek to me or ​Habla en griego.) So over time, griegos apparent variant, gringo, came to refer to a foreign language and to foreigners in general. The first known written English use of the word was in 1849 by an explorer. One bit of folk etymology about gringo is that it originated in Mexico during the Mexican-American war because Americans would sing the song Green Grow the Lilies. As the word originated in Spain long before there was a Spanish-speaking Mexico, there is no truth to this urban legend. In fact, at one time, the word in Spain was often used to refer specifically to the Irish. And according to a 1787 dictionary, it often referred to someone who spoke Spanish poorly. Related Words In both English and Spanish, gringa is used to refer to a female (or, in Spanish, as a feminine adjective). In Spanish, the term Gringolandia is sometimes used to refer to the United States. Gringolandia can also refer to the tourist zones of some Spanish-speaking countries, especially those areas where many Americans congregate. Another related word is engringarse, to act like a gringo. Although the word appears in dictionaries, it doesnt appear to have much actual use. How the Meaning of Gringo Varies In English, the term gringo is often used to refer to an American or British person visiting Spain or Latin America. In Spanish-speaking countries, its use is more complex with its meaning, at least its emotional meaning, depending to a great extent on its context. Probably more often than not, gringo is a term of contempt used to refer to foreigners, especially Americans and sometimes the British. However, it can also be used with foreign friends as a term of affection. One translation sometimes given for the term is Yankee, a term that sometimes is neutral but also can be used contemptuously (as in Yankee, go home!). The dictionary of the Real Academia Espaà ±ola offers these definitions, which can vary according to the geography of where the word is used: Foreigner, especially one who speaks English, and in general one who speaks a language that isnt Spanish.As an adjective, to refer to a foreign language.A resident of the United States (definition used in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela).Native of England (definition used in Uruguay).Native of Russia (definition used in Uruguay).A person with white skin and blond hair (definition used in Bolivia, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru).An unintelligible language.

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues The Hidden Truth About Sociological Issues If there is absolutely no method of changing what's happening, it isn't a social matter. You're building a photo of a social issue, and you want to bring up every potential side of the story. Similar issues with racism can be viewed in the streams of distinct games. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with distinct ages. In a relationship, two people from other families live together and it's not as straightforward as it sounds. It is crucial to understand that not all things that take place in society are raised to the amount of social issues. Among the critical explanations for why women stay in abusive relationships is due to deficiency of knowledge. The rest is left up to your determination and commitment to see everything through. Sociologists differ in their comprehension of the idea, but the range suggests several significant commonalities. Some emerging studies suggest that the wellness benefits might be the very same for grape juice and wine. While it is quite problematic in some specific locations, in others it has affected a relatively modest proportion of the people. On the flip side, psychologists can handle the psychological and sociological problems, but are handcuffed when it has to do with treating the chemical or physical troubles. Among the aims of the sociological perspective is to demonstrate how deeply a man or woman is affected by society and its social forces, even if it comes to what may look like personal problems. Ethical theories and concepts are formulated to elaborate on the various ethical issues that might appear. Various things influence someone's lifestyle, behavior, relationship and a whole lot more. Watch the next video to find a good example of the way the sociological imagination is utilized to comprehend the matter of obesity. Another big rationale is economic dependency. Another aspect that propelled him to his present celebrity status is a result of his wide-ranging tweets. The Little-Known Secrets to Sociological Issues When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to demonstrate your private view of t he issue. Sociology can be a rather intricate subject, so you might want to get some dedicated assistance from the writers at (Company Name). To begin with, your essay is supposed to deal with a specific social, psychological or anthropological matter. If you would like to learn how to write excellent essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. Sociologists can expect strong competition because sociology is a well-known area of study with a comparatively modest number of positions. When carrying out studies within the area of Sociology everybody will approach the topics in distinct ways. One of the greatest approaches to study Sociology is through the interpretation and comprehension of current events within the field. Furthermore, countries that allow multiple political parties and absolutely free expression of speech have just one more issue in regards to tackling a few of the issues that plague its society. The circumstance is even direr when there is just one p arent. How another nation addresses the problems of a developing nation may influence its relationship with that nation and the remaining part of the world for many years to come. The root cause of social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. Even the very best writer on earth cannot compose a high-quality academic paper the evening before it's due. The chief reason why people, and a few athletes, think it's bad to protest is a result of how the athletes could potentially lose their endorsements. The problem is that all these of the players don't have anything to lose because they are frequently caught once they have entered professional sports, so they can't be punished as severely. In reality, the competition to receive a promotion can be fierce. Sociological Issues Explained Sociological imagination is the ability to shift from 1 perspective to another. Don't be worried about the originality.

Becoming a Fashion Designer Essay - 1334 Words

Steve Mergarten Mrs. Malaspino English 12 A November 28, 2009 Becoming a Fashion Designer Cynthia Nellis, in her column â€Å"Day in the Life of a Fashion Couture Designer†, says, â€Å"... nothing is ever typical in the world of fashion...no day is ever routine, although we begin and end each day more or less the same: in early, out late.† Working as a Fashion Designer is a very busy, hard and challenging job. You have to provide a lot of strengths in creativity, marketing and determination; to be successful. The purpose of this paper is to give information on the subject on fashion design, and to intend to show how fashion design works. Several questions will be addressed in this research paper. What is a usual work day look like? How†¦show more content†¦Many famous designers get to travel all over the world to see fashion shows and get foreign inspiration, or even to just make business connections. Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages too. Perfection is often a nemesis of many famous designers. It takes sometimes more than two hundred ho urs to complete a ambitious project, depending on the complexity of the inner and outer construction and the extent of the finish work. Another disadvantage is working late shifts and overtime, without receiving much salary. The advantages can be in a way disadvantages. While working with other people there might be conflicts or a possibility of fighting with difficult coworkers. Another disadvantage is that designers work in a room that is very noisy and distracting. You work the hardest when it is right before a deadline or a fashion show. They cram everything, which places more pressure on them during this time. Last but not least, fashion designers have a difficult time trying to find one specific type of clothing that fits all the people. (â€Å"How to become a fashion designer†) To become a designer, it is best to begin at a young age and develop your talents. A fashion designer should be artistic and full of imagination and ideas. In addition you should be able to work hard, be open- minded to other workers, which includes self- motivation and the ability to work under pressure. â€Å"We cant teach you how to be creative – you have to bring your creativity to us and letShow MoreRelatedMy Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer973 Words   |  4 Pagesboy plays with his toy fire trucks, he dreams of what it would be like to be a real-life firefighter and to help save people. A little girl plays dress up with her friends and mixes and matches different outfits for their fashion show. She dreams of becoming a fashion designer. Dreams are the start of creating to reality. Some of us like these children dream and aspire to grow up and be a real world version of a pretend reality. Some of us develop a dream along the way. We all have a common desireRead MoreYves Saint Laurents Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer1392 Words   |  6 Pagesmother to wear. 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Secondary Outcome Of A Randomized Clinical -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Secondary Outcome Of A Randomized Clinical? Answer: Introduction System thinking insists that particular systems need to be analyzed as a whole for understanding emergent properties as well as interrelatedness of constituent parts. In the current study, patient education system has been considered for understanding the system, problems involved in the system, use of hard/soft systems to enhance performance of the systems and recommendations for enhancing system behavior/ performance. Patient education generally starts with the description of proposed processes to patient with vast-audio visual presentation library along with HD animations. Patient education system can enable patients assuming responsibility for own health care. In addition, it provides opportunities for practicing prevention techniques by their own. In the present study, Health point hospital of UAE is taken as case study. Overview of patient education system Patient education system is the procedure by which healthcare professionals as well as other can impart information to the patients along with their caregivers. It can alter health behavior or enhance status of their health (Morton et al. 2017). Computer-based patient education is one of the effective strategies in order to enhance healthcare knowledge as well as clinical results. Technologies including internet are currently available for using educational delivery mode in the setting of healthcare. There are several types of patient education system such as audio-visual presentation, HD animation, reviewing and responding patient questions are include in patient education system. In addition, there are interaction session between service providers and patients that are helpful to provide effective learning. The primary focus of health education system is changing and enhancing social health behavior. It also assists in enhancing health outcomes consequently. For an instance, there are some methods of providing prevention education ranging from suggestion of new as well as more effective toothbrush in order provide short tutorial on appropriate way to brush (Cook et al. 2014). There are several benefits of patient education system as followed. It enables patients assuming responsibility for own healthcare. Providing patients with the scopes to practice prevention techniques at home It increases scopes for treatment acceptance The system helps to increase trust, loyalty as well as satisfaction of the employees It ensures continuity of care between several appointments (Bernhard et al. 2016) Patient education systems assists the patients to decide the best plan of action In addition, it enhances communication between the patients and healthcare providers Patient education gives a host of advantages to not only patient as well as practicing, However, the patients can have the better choice of staying healthy as well as eliminating baad habits. With the assistance of patient education system, the patients can see as partners working for finding out the best solution for them. On the other hand, patient education involves healthcare professionals teaching patients regarding health so that they can understand their condition better. Patients can be educated in health as well as non-health environments along with a formal or informal way (Stenberg et al. 2016). The aim of patient education system is enhancing health and performance of healthcare industry as a whole. Patient education system helps in increasing patient understanding. The education can ensure that patients are well-informed regarding own health. Teaching regarding side-effects of condition, discussion about diagnosis and going through best possible treatment operations and looking at some ways in order to prevent condition from deteriorating. The level of comprehending could minimize anxiety of the patient. Practicing patient education system in Health point hospital, UAE also helps to increase understanding that puts patients in good position in order to make informed decisions associated wit h healthcare (Mansell et al. 2017). In addition, the education system in the selected organization is helpful to become active approach to healthcare. An educated patient may be able to portray self-image by managing specific components of care. There are always particular aspects of care that professionals of Health point hospital UAE can administer. In addition, patient could manage some of the components. It can relieve some burden from providers. Practicing patient education system in Health point hospital UAE can be helpful to improve motivation as well as better results. Educated patients can be motivated to reach specific health care goals that could minimize the number of unessential admissions, phones or visits that will save time as well as money for both patient as well as provider. On the other hand, technology has revolutionized the way of thinking, living and working. There are several industries embracing new technologies altered they operate. The health care industry has become inundated with new tools and helping in business. The ever-increasing popularity of mobile devices helps to use the applications with the help of useful tools for patients as well as healthcare professionals (Hu et al. 2015). There are several apps available useful for providing effective education for patients. Medical dictionary application is one of the applications in healthcare industry helpful to providing meaning and makes the patients understood about diseases. For an instance, the Tabers medical dictionary app for iPhones consists of 65,000 medical terms. It also includes more than 1000 photos as well as 600 patient care statements. The application provides resources like alternative therapy, medical abbreviations as well as measurements. It is considered as one of the most comprehensive dictionary. Moreover, in Health point hospital, UAE, health care providers look for patient education system in order to assist alleviating some concerns of patients as well as care providers. The patient education system provides a solution to vital healthcare issues like satisfaction, involvement as well as communication with family members (Che et al. 2016). With the help of this education system, it can be expected that value of the systems are recognized by healthcare providers as well as become a first choice in medical facility. Problems lied in the system Although the patient education system in Health point hospital, UAE has a number of advantages, there are some limitations associated with it. One of the biggest concerns lied in the system is diverse culture. Along with this, lack of education is the challenge to imply the system properly in the organization (Skelton et al. 2015). Sometimes, it is seen that patients are misguided by information that are heard from their friends, family as well as internet. In this perspective, Health point hospital UAE provides education system to the patients that includes educational information n particular to the requirements of patients as determined by care team. In addition e there are several challenges faced by health care professionals. Present quality crisis in health care of Health point hospital UAE are well recognized (AlKhalili et al. 2015). The burden of harm can be conveyed by collective impact of all health care quality Culture as well as organization care into different systems such as hospitals, home care as well as skilled nursing facilities with formal communications, hospitals as well as skilled nursing facilities. Different and poor culture is resulting in coordination of care, redundant, miscommunication and redundant along with wasteful procedures. In addition, patients and families generally report that caregivers appear not for coordinating work for understanding the issue. It is vital to remember to remember that all patient education interaction includes cultural dimension (Mohammed et al. 2016). Culture is referred as characteristic patterns of attitudes, values, beliefs as well as behaviors shared by the patients in Health point hospital UAE. Culture includes way of living, thinking as well as behaving. There are several components consisting language, customs, traditions, beliefs as well as ways of communicating. Effective communication with patients as well as health care workers is considered as the key process in safe and quality care services. The relationships between patient and clinician rely on effective communication and resulting in enhanced satisfaction of patients In addit ion, adherence to medical recommendation as well as better healthcare results are included in it. The management plan of clinician is included in patient education system. Cultural misunderstanding between patients and health care providers is one of the major factors for dissatisfaction of the patients along with poor quality of care. The cultural setting in Health point hospital UAE needs to be modified in this aspect. According to Ministry of Health in UAE, most of the healthcare workers belong to different country (Kasper et al. 2015). Thus, it becomes a great problem for the patients to communicate with them. Language problem and cultural difference are the major problems faced while providing patient education. In addition, different professional as well as personal perspectives along with values remain obstacle for the organization. Role competition as well as turf issues and lack of common language among the health care providers and patients cannot provide expected outcome for the patients. Hence, it is required to provide effective measures and take appropriate approach so that barriers and challenges lied in the patient education system can be removed. Use of hard/soft system approaches The Health point hospital of UAE is focused on efforts to find out ways for improving the engagement of patients. With use of patient education system, it delivers inpatient setting, enhances interaction among the physicians along with patients, providing of entertainment and empowering the patients decision-making. This type of system is used by patients within inpatient as well as outpatient setting to enhance and promote engagement of patients into healthcare (Zangi et al. 2015). Patient education system increases patients engagement by providing them some of the components such as portal for interaction between patient-provider, access to EHR, medications and processes of diseases. In order to analyze the patient education system of Health point hospital, two approaches are used in this paper such as: Hard system approaches: It is a problem solving approaches which first define the problems, analysis the situations, identify the objectives, measure its performance, develop of options and evaluate it, and then implementation is done. There are various stages, which are used to solve the problems into the patient education system: Stage 1: Problem definition: Effective interaction among patients and healthcare providers are required in quality health care. Due to cultural differences, lower health literacy and language differences, it is hard to provide patient satisfaction, medical recommendations and healthcare outcomes. Cultural differences among patients and healthcare providers contribute towards dissatisfaction of patients, poor quality of patients care. Stage 2: Analysis of existing situation: The uniqueness of the UAE culture, coupled with larger number of health professionals, conflicts lead to dissatisfaction of the patients. Most of the nurses and healthcare professionals within Health point hospital are from Australia, India, UK and other Middle East countries; therefore, they are from various cultural backgrounds (Gonzalo et al. 2015). There is also a difference in language considered as a problem to effective patient education. Stage 3: Identification of objectives: There is a need to solve the language differences and cultural differences problems into the patient education system. The hard modelling involved in various stakeholders into the modelling process along with rapid interaction to manage the healthcare systems. Stage 4: Generation of routes to objectives: The healthcare providers should be more attentive to the patients value as well as their cultural backgrounds. They should implement the system in such way that it should meet with requirements of patients those are coming from various cultural groups. Stage 5: Formulate measures of performance: The patients should able to read various things like instructions related to discharge, healthcare educational materials, medical bills and nutritional information (Svege et al. 2016). The patients are required to provide education on writing as well as reading skills so that they can understand the health related information and instructions, which are written in other language, which is not understandable, by the patients. Stage 6: Development of options: Health point hospital of UAE should maintain a strict sensitivity towards the language as well as culture concerns (Betancourt et al. 2016). Cultural and language competency should be taken as popular approach to improve provision of the healthcare within the healthcare sector. Stage 7: Evaluation of options: The cultural and language competency are improved by modifying accessibility along with effectiveness of the healthcare people from various cultural backgrounds by increasing awareness and skills of them. Stage 8: Implementation: Training should be taken as implementation step to improve the problems into the patient education system. Soft system approaches: Checklands Soft System Methodology is used as an approach to the organizational process modeling and it is used for problem solving into the patient education system (Shipman et al. 2016). This soft system methodology is because reality is not provided but is socially contracture. There are seven stages of the soft system approaches such as: Stage 1: Unstructured problem situation: Due to increasing diversity of the healthcare sectors, it brings lot of challenges for the healthcare providers and system along with policy makers to create as well as deliver of competent services. Cultural competence is identified as ability of the service providers to deliver of healthcare services, which would meet with the social in addition to cultural requirements of patients. Stage 2: Problem situation: Here, the patient education system is not the problem; it is the problem of education culture. Language barriers are difficult to communicate and cultural differences inhibit the patients from being comfortable to interact and socialize. The soft variables into healthcare system are motivation of doctors, productivity, and quality of the healthcare practices, anxiety of patients and responses to hospital managers for various pressures (Che et al. 2016). Those variables can complicate the problem analysis as it is not quantifiable and the effects are subject to quick consensus. Stage 3: Development of the root: The cultural differences and language differences have hidden effects into the healthcare sector and its development (Tannenbaum et al. 2014). Patient education system analysis is a strong tool for the patients concerned towards planning innovation. The soft model provides various benefits to the modelling as well as system analysis of the patients education system and applied to healthcare decisions for problems ranges from well focused healthcare delivery programmes. The soft methodology is used for screening of diseases and management of the waiting lists of the patients. Stage 4: Development of conceptual models: Into the conceptual model, the patient education system consists of four nested level such as individual patient, care team, organization (clinic and hospital) and economics environment (financial and payment options). The individual patients requirements as well as preferences are defined factors into the patient centered education system. Availability of the information, establishment of the private healthcare reflect on increasing the expectations that the patients drive changes into the proposed system to improve quality and efficiency (Coppola et al. 2016). The care team results into delivery of care to the patients. The Health point hospital of UAE faces various challenges such as escalate of the cost of the healthcare, and there is shift into share of cost burden to the healthcare providers as well as patients. Into the economic environment, it consists of regulatory and financial regimes that influence the performance of patient educ ation system. Stage 5: Compare conceptual models with reality: The conceptual model is compared with reality so that before using the education system, they are already understood about the system, its usage and benefits in the healthcare life. Stage 6: Identification of feasible changes: There should be changes into the patient education system so that all the healthcare providers can understand the language as well as culture of patients so that they are no conflicts among them (Lee et al. 2016). When the patients are discharged from the hospital, then they have insufficient information about illness as well as self-care, therefore with use of patient education system, there are changes into the healthcare sector and patients level of satisfaction. Stage 7: Actions to improve problem situations: Formal training is required to be provided to the patients before they enter into the educational system and learn their role for education. Future of patient education system Due to implementation of patient education system, the Health point hospital is continued to rise. The technology is not only continues to create opportunities for treatment but also facilitates of healthcare educational operations. The healthcare providers should require of better tools to make informed decisions. Automated patient education system should manage the day-to-day functions of the hospital. The hospital should express the patient educational needs. The work should be done by instructing the patients with lower literacy skills and procedures for patients from different cultural backgrounds. There should be increase into computer assisted instructions. Recommendations for improving performance of the system Following are the recommendations, which are suggested to the management of Health point hospital of UAE to improve into their patients education system performance: Increase the understanding of patients: The patient education would ensure that the patients are properly informed about own health. They should teach about side effects of medicines, their conditions, discussing about diagnosis, going to treatment options and looking for techniques to prevent from deteriorating (Yamada et al. 2015). It would help to reduce anxiety of patients and build trust among patients as well as healthcare provider. It would understand the patients requirements to make them informed about their decisions based on the healthcare. Enhance of motivation: The healthcare provider should be enhanced towards motivation to educate the patients about their own health. They should understand what they should do to improve their health. In this particular case, the educated patients are motivated to reach the healthcare goals for improving the health more rapidly and efficiently (Myhill et al. 2017). The healthcare providers also motivate their patients about the process of getting education and required education to improve in their health. Improvement into healthcare: Training should be provided to the healthcare providers so that they can respect all culture and language. As the patients are from different cultures as well as languages, therefore they are required to educate about their health which would provide a positive effect on the Health point hospital of UAE. The education of patient should reduce the total number of not required admissions, visits, phone calls that would save time as well as money of the patients as well as healthcare providers (Gleason-Comstock et al. 2015). After getting training, the educated patients should able to manage their own health and take care of self. The professionals do the aspects of care, but patients manage the some of the elements also which is required to improve performance of the proposed system. Conclusion The above discussion concludes that it is important for an organization to analyze the adopted system properly so that the issues and challenges lied in the system can be minimized. Patient education system is one of the vital procedures for improving health of the patients by their own. The advantages of using patient education system are discussed in the current study. However, there are various issues lied with the system that poses a challenge for the health care providers to provide quality education to the patients. In the current study, the Health point hospital of UAE is concentrated on finding out the ways to enhance involvement of the patients. With the help of hard system approach, the system is helpful to define the issue and analyze the situations. Effective integration among the patients and healthcare providers is important for the organization to provide appropriate outcome. In addition, analysis of the existing situation, identifying objectives and generation of rout es to the objectives are needed to be more attentive in the system. On the other hand, use of Checklands Soft System Methodology is used as a soft approach in the organization for problem solving in the patient education system. References AlKhalili, Rend, Pratik A. Shukla, Ronak H. Patel, Saurin Sanghvi, and Basil Hubbi. "Readability assessment of Internet-based patient education materials related to mammography for breast cancer screening."Academic radiology22, no. 3 (2015): 290-295. Bernhard, Jean-Christophe, Shuji Isotani, Toru Matsugasumi, Vinay Duddalwar, Andrew J. Hung, Evren Suer, Eduard Baco et al. "Personalized 3D printed model of kidney and tumor anatomy: a useful tool for patient education."World journal of urology34, no. 3 (2016): 337-345. Betancourt, Joseph R., Alexander R. Green, J. Emilio Carrillo, and I. I. Owusu Ananeh-Firempong. "Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care."Public health reports(2016). Che, Hui?Lian, Mei?Yu Yeh, Ru?Shang Jiang, and Shu?Mei Wu. "Taiwanese nurses experiences of difficulties in providing patient education in hospital settings."Nursing health sciences18, no. 1 (2016): 113-119. Cook, David J., Anilga Moradkhani, Kristin S. Vickers Douglas, Sharon K. Prinsen, Erin N. Fischer, and Darrell R. Schroeder. "Patient education self-management during surgical recovery: combining mobile (iPad) and a content management system."Telemedicine and e-Health20, no. 4 (2014): 312-317. Coppola, Adriana, Loredana Sasso, Annamaria Bagnasco, Andrea Giustina, and Carmine Gazzaruso. "The role of patient education in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: an overview."Endocrine53, no. 1 (2016): 18-27. Gleason-Comstock, Julie, Alicia Streater, Joel Ager, Allen Goodman, Aaron Brody, Laura Kivell, Aniruddha Paranjpe et al. "Patient education and follow-up as an intervention for hypertensive patients discharged from an emergency department: a randomized control trial study protocol."BMC emergency medicine15, no. 1 (2015): 38. Gonzalo, Jed D., Michael Dekhtyar, Richard E. Hawkins, and Daniel R. Wolpaw. "How can medical students add value? Identifying roles, barriers, and strategies to advance the value of undergraduate medical education to patient care and the health system."Academic medicine92, no. 9 (2017): 1294-1301. Hu, Yinhuan, and Zixia Zhang. "Patient educationA route to improved patient experience in Chinese hospitals?."Patient education and counseling98, no. 12 (2015): 1651-1652. Kasper, Dennis, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Jameson, and Joseph Loscalzo. "Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 19e." (2015). Lee, Nam?Ju, Haena Jang, and Su?Yeon Park. "Patient safety education and baccalaureate nursing students' patient safety competency: A cross?sectional study."Nursing health sciences18, no. 2 (2016): 163-171. Mansell, Gemma, Kjersti Storheim, Ida Lchting, Erik L. Werner, and Margreth Grotle. "Identification of indirect effects in a Cognitive Patient Education (COPE) intervention for low back pain."Physical therapy97, no. 12 (2017): 1138-1146. Mohammed, Khaled, Margaret B. 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The Philosophy of Religion Essay Example For Students

The Philosophy of Religion Essay Philosophy of Religion, by David Elton Trueblood is an attempt to fathom not religion as a whole, but the thought processes that are the basis of modern religious thought. The book makes no attempt to explain any individual religious preferences or motifs, only to gauge the reasons for religion in its entirety. While Trueblood doesnt pass judgment on other religions, his personal beliefs are apparent. He is a Protestant Christian, and has been writing books on religion since 1935. Philosophy of Religion is in the spirit of his other books, such as The Logic of Belief which merely serves to explain why persons believe what they do believe. 1957, the year of publication, was exactly in the middle of a period of great change in the world. The space age was developing, and new scientific discoveries were turning many people away from theistic explanations of everything from natural history to outer space. Communism was spreading over Eastern Europe like a wildfire, sweeping up millions i nto the not-so-comforting arms of spiritual agnosticism. I feel Trueblood has done an excellent job with this book, and anyone interested in the Whys of religion should find it an interesting manuscript. Religion has reached a previously unheard-of footing in this world, and it is impossible to simply ignore it. One is forced to agree with or oppose with religions, which of course has led to a great deal of friction, especially between radical sects. Unfortunately, many of the most stringent followers as well as opposers of religions suffer from the same malady: ignorance. The most devoted Islamic guerrilla may well be involved in an anti-Semitic movement only because his father was. He may actually have the same fundamental beliefs, i.e. the belief in one supreme God or Creator; as a Jew, but is blinded by his cause and cant see the similarities, or attempt to cohabitate in the world with an opposer of his religion. In religion, there is to much gray area for there to be just one p ossible solution. Even communism, always considered the antithesis of religion may well be one of the most dogmatic faiths in the world. The main fundamental in religion is commitment. Most commonly it is the faith in God or other supreme being, but dialectical materialism is most certainly built on total commitment . We will write a custom essay on The Philosophy of Religion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another factor many people fail to realize, but which Trueblood points out more than adequately is that philosophy is not religion. Philosophy is the search for knowledge for the sake of understanding, while religion seeks knowledge for the sake of worship. One may also be religious and scientific. While science has redefined a good deal of the natural world, the supernatural is still unchanged; more people are turning to a God for comfort and stability in a world of constant flux. Quite possibly one of the most important factors in religion is its reliance on faith. All religion is based on word of mouth, and there is no way of proving its validity. If any part of a religion is ever proved false, then the belief as a whole is thus untrue. One cannot maintain, or pretend to maintain, a religion merely because it is comforting, socially proper, or convenient. If there is no God, then to pray and worship is a waste of time, according to Trueblood. Indeed, he considers a false religion to be inherently evil! Of course, many people feel that something cannot be quantitatively evil, unless there is a supreme Good to compare to and fight the evil, so this There must be, then, room for ambiguity in religion, if not doubt. This requires the argument for realism, which Trueblood sufficiently provides. Realism is a theory that holds that there are objects of knowledge which actually enjoy independent existence. These objects of knowledge are assumed by most religions to be the causation, directly or not, of all things. Their divinity or plurality has been the subject of great debate between separate religions, and religion as a whole and science. Platonists believe in a spontaneous, four-fold causation, while most Western religions believe in a singular, omnipotent God. Meanwhile, non-Theistic scientists feel that everything happens out of random chance, with no higher goals or creator. The next major topic that Trueblood explains is the nature of truth. Is something rendered true merely because it hasnt been disproved? Is positive evidence enough to classify something as true, or proved? If A implies B, and B is true, does that mean A is true as well? There is no definite answer to this, as Trueblood points out:If John was in the wreck he must have bruises. .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .postImageUrl , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:visited , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:active { border:0!important; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:active , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Growth And Development In Babies EssayThis same type of fallacy can easily be used to explain the origins of the Earth, or the possibility of a creator. In the same section of the book as the nature of truth, there is a discussion on the nature of authority. Why are there certified geniuses in the fields of music, science and philosophy, but religious greats, prophets and teachers are considered illusionists, crackpots, or worse? Are these men and women misunderstood, or underestimated: insane, or truly messengers from a higher level? Another significant error about authority is that it conflicts with reason in the search for the truth. Many books infer this, but Trueblood illustrates that authority is dependent upon reason in the search for the truth. As previously mentioned, there are many irrefutable scientific facts which tend to nullify traditional fundamentalist beliefs. Trueblood devotes an entire chapter to this very important topic, and attacks it in a very logical manner, that should hope to pacify most readers, myself included. When most people are asked how they know there is a God, they most always refer to nature and th e world around them, and how only a supernatural power is capable such creations. While this seems a clear-cut, simple answer, that most people tend to agree with and use, Trueblood sees this as a theological cop-out: there is to much evidence to be classified by such a simple answer. The so-called natural order of things, and the fact that it had been going on for quite awhile before Man came onto the scene is perhaps the best evidence, along with the third law of thermodynamics: matter cannot be created or destroyed. One must wonder, then how things can simply be created out of nothing, as most Christian religions teach. Many people have turned to a type of theological evolution to explain things: that God did in fact set the world in motion somehow, long ago, and has let things continue on their own natural evolutionary path. Next, Trueblood searches for positive evidence of the existence of God. In his now-familiar, leave no stone unturned method, he points to the existence of beauty and aesthetics in Nature and elsewhere. This is a very good point that most theologians have never pointed out. Socrates and Plato both felt that beauty was evidence of a supreme Good in the world. While they didnt believe in a God, per say, their One is in the same spirit as Western religions God. That most everything, natural or manmade has some intrinsic beauty is not in dispute. But is an ugly object evil, from Satan or some other corollary of God? This, unfortunately, Trueblood doesnt delve into. Historical and religious experience is another vast factor in the philosophy of religion. To quote Martin Buber, All religion is history With only very minor exceptions, most historical manuscripts have been written, preserved, etc. by religious characters. As far back as the Sumerian civilizations, it was the priests who recorded everything. In the Middle Ages of Europe, were it not for monks, all of the Greek and Roman manuscripts would have been lost, and no new records would have come about. Coincidentally, many of the religious leaders of the Middle Ages were philosophers, such as St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Augustine, etc. Only in the Renascence did the fields of History, Religion, and Philosophy once again diverge, yet to this day, their paths cross more often than not. The Holy Bible, in many places is just a collection of ancient history, and reads like a lecture. Only the prophecies and slanted views found in it prevent it from being the first history textbook. The codependency of separate religions and history is also illustrated by the Hebrew and Christian faiths: The Christian faith has developed largely at the expense of the Hebrew faith, and has no independent foundation, and the Hebrew faith is stagnate, with no definitive end. The Christians even registered the Hebrew Canon as part of the Bible, providing the faith with some tenuous roots, although the true development of Christianity is somewhat vague. The next two sections of Philosophy of Religion deal with problems encountered by those attempting to be faithful to a religion. Trueblood considers Dialectical Materialism, i.e. Marxism to be one of the greatest challenges. Marxism and the Nazi movement of the 1930s and 40s are both, technically, religions, but they act as a severe detriment to Christianity or other theistic beliefs. Both of these movements are atheistic, embracing manmade values, mainly economic: although the similarities stop there. Another challenge pointed out in this section i s That of Freudian psychology. Trueblood considers this a threat almost as severe as the aforementioned blight of Dialectical materialism. Freud and others like him, including Ludwig Feuerbach, consider the idea of Gods to be nothing more than personified wishes. Feuerbach contends that each segment of belief is an attempt to objectify the thinkers wish. Freud himself felt that the Christian God was the manifestation of mans desire for a father figure to be feared, and depended upon, thus we view natural occurrences as coming from a central parent. I personally dont agree with Trueblood on this point: many people see Freuds views as anachronistic, not a viable explanation of mans desire for God, and certainly not a challenge to religious faith. .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .postImageUrl , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:visited , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:active { border:0!important; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:active , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beloved-Water Motif EssayThe third challenge to religious faith, according to Trueblood, is Logical Positivism. While Marxism and Nazis point-blankly scoff the idea of God, and Freud writes it off to psychological instability, this third attack simply views religion and metaphysics as worthless and idle undertakings. Positivism restricts knowledge and fact as sense experiences, basic definitions only elaborated on as the subject of personal whims. Positivists feel there is a definitive answer to every question, and only one answer, is right. It is a very dogmatic and intolerable school of philosophy. I fully agree with Trueblood that this is a serious challenge to religiou s faith, perhaps more so than dialectical materialism. With no room for opinion, there can be no room for free-thinking, thus no expansion of religious thought. Indeed, this attitude is a threat to not only religious freedom, but to intellectual expansion. Should logical positivism ever come into widespread acceptance, than the world would take on an Orwellian shape, with all religions a thing of the past. There are many enduring problems that religion faces, that dont come and go like political fads or philosophical sects. The central of these problems is science vs. religion. It is impossible, as mentioned at the beginning of this paper to compartmentalize the two. As fast as one theologist finds a new biblical text proving creation, geologists pull up a fossil of man a few more hundred thousand years older. Fortunately, however the Genises/geology dogmatism has relaxed, with both sides able to find a happy median. But the great strides in medicine have sparked an enormous amount of confrontation, with people unsure of where science and chance ends, and miracles begin. Of course, what is miracle? Could not have God influenced the doctor, pulling his hand in the right way as the delicate incision was made? There are a million what-ifs in medicine, and one must draw the line, and have faith in his fellow man instead of chalking every successful recover up to divine intervention. If eve ryone waited for a miracle, nothing would ever get done, and then the need for miracles would be even greater, according to Trueblood. I fully agree with Trueblood on this point. The remainder of Philosophy of Religion deals with such topics as evil, God himself (or her/its self), freedom, and immortality. I didnt feel these topics are necessarily an important part of the book. They are impossible to validate, and Trueblood gives them a slanted approach. He only spends two pages on the religious significance of freedom, and doesnt even mention the value of the freedom of religion. I didnt agree or disagree with anything in the last section of the book; I just felt it was redundant. As a whole, Trueblood has done a very good job with Philosophy of Religion and I truly enjoyed reading it. It is very unique, the first book Ive ever seen that strictly explains the motives and processes behind religious thought, without attempting to justify one sect, or judge, positively or otherwise a personal religious belief. It was very insightful, and has helped to clear up questions Ive had about religious thought. Perhaps if more religious leaders understood the whys of their beliefs, there would be less intolerance and fanaticism, and religions could cohabitate in the world they feel they are protecting from evil. 1) Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Philosophy: History and Problems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2) Trueblood, David Elton. Philosophy of Religion. New York: Harper ; Brothers,Note: all footnotes, unless otherwise noted from Philosophy of Religion. Bibliography:Additional Work(s) Cited1) Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Philosophy: History and Problems. New York: McGraw-Hill, inc., 1971, 1994. 966 pp. 2) Trueblood, David Elton. Philosophy of Religion. New York: Harper ; Brothers,1957. 324 pp. Note: all footnotes, unless otherwise noted from Philosophy of Religion. Preface: xi-xvp. 11William Temple, as quoted, p.9p. 33p. 36p. 63von Hugel, as quoted p. 69p. 71p. 94-95, 102pp. 118-119as quoted p. 131Stumpf : timelinep. 132pp. 138-139p. 162p. 177p. 179p. 181pp. 189-190p. 192p. 206p. 209pp. 209-210