The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues The Hidden Truth About Sociological Issues If there is absolutely no method of changing what's happening, it isn't a social matter. You're building a photo of a social issue, and you want to bring up every potential side of the story. Similar issues with racism can be viewed in the streams of distinct games. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with distinct ages. In a relationship, two people from other families live together and it's not as straightforward as it sounds. It is crucial to understand that not all things that take place in society are raised to the amount of social issues. Among the critical explanations for why women stay in abusive relationships is due to deficiency of knowledge. The rest is left up to your determination and commitment to see everything through. Sociologists differ in their comprehension of the idea, but the range suggests several significant commonalities. Some emerging studies suggest that the wellness benefits might be the very same for grape juice and wine. While it is quite problematic in some specific locations, in others it has affected a relatively modest proportion of the people. On the flip side, psychologists can handle the psychological and sociological problems, but are handcuffed when it has to do with treating the chemical or physical troubles. Among the aims of the sociological perspective is to demonstrate how deeply a man or woman is affected by society and its social forces, even if it comes to what may look like personal problems. Ethical theories and concepts are formulated to elaborate on the various ethical issues that might appear. Various things influence someone's lifestyle, behavior, relationship and a whole lot more. Watch the next video to find a good example of the way the sociological imagination is utilized to comprehend the matter of obesity. Another big rationale is economic dependency. Another aspect that propelled him to his present celebrity status is a result of his wide-ranging tweets. The Little-Known Secrets to Sociological Issues When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to demonstrate your private view of t he issue. Sociology can be a rather intricate subject, so you might want to get some dedicated assistance from the writers at (Company Name). To begin with, your essay is supposed to deal with a specific social, psychological or anthropological matter. If you would like to learn how to write excellent essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. Sociologists can expect strong competition because sociology is a well-known area of study with a comparatively modest number of positions. When carrying out studies within the area of Sociology everybody will approach the topics in distinct ways. One of the greatest approaches to study Sociology is through the interpretation and comprehension of current events within the field. Furthermore, countries that allow multiple political parties and absolutely free expression of speech have just one more issue in regards to tackling a few of the issues that plague its society. The circumstance is even direr when there is just one p arent. How another nation addresses the problems of a developing nation may influence its relationship with that nation and the remaining part of the world for many years to come. The root cause of social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. Even the very best writer on earth cannot compose a high-quality academic paper the evening before it's due. The chief reason why people, and a few athletes, think it's bad to protest is a result of how the athletes could potentially lose their endorsements. The problem is that all these of the players don't have anything to lose because they are frequently caught once they have entered professional sports, so they can't be punished as severely. In reality, the competition to receive a promotion can be fierce. Sociological Issues Explained Sociological imagination is the ability to shift from 1 perspective to another. Don't be worried about the originality.

Becoming a Fashion Designer Essay - 1334 Words

Steve Mergarten Mrs. Malaspino English 12 A November 28, 2009 Becoming a Fashion Designer Cynthia Nellis, in her column â€Å"Day in the Life of a Fashion Couture Designer†, says, â€Å"... nothing is ever typical in the world of fashion...no day is ever routine, although we begin and end each day more or less the same: in early, out late.† Working as a Fashion Designer is a very busy, hard and challenging job. You have to provide a lot of strengths in creativity, marketing and determination; to be successful. The purpose of this paper is to give information on the subject on fashion design, and to intend to show how fashion design works. Several questions will be addressed in this research paper. What is a usual work day look like? How†¦show more content†¦Many famous designers get to travel all over the world to see fashion shows and get foreign inspiration, or even to just make business connections. Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages too. Perfection is often a nemesis of many famous designers. It takes sometimes more than two hundred ho urs to complete a ambitious project, depending on the complexity of the inner and outer construction and the extent of the finish work. Another disadvantage is working late shifts and overtime, without receiving much salary. The advantages can be in a way disadvantages. While working with other people there might be conflicts or a possibility of fighting with difficult coworkers. Another disadvantage is that designers work in a room that is very noisy and distracting. You work the hardest when it is right before a deadline or a fashion show. They cram everything, which places more pressure on them during this time. Last but not least, fashion designers have a difficult time trying to find one specific type of clothing that fits all the people. (â€Å"How to become a fashion designer†) To become a designer, it is best to begin at a young age and develop your talents. A fashion designer should be artistic and full of imagination and ideas. In addition you should be able to work hard, be open- minded to other workers, which includes self- motivation and the ability to work under pressure. â€Å"We cant teach you how to be creative – you have to bring your creativity to us and letShow MoreRelatedMy Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer973 Words   |  4 Pagesboy plays with his toy fire trucks, he dreams of what it would be like to be a real-life firefighter and to help save people. A little girl plays dress up with her friends and mixes and matches different outfits for their fashion show. She dreams of becoming a fashion designer. Dreams are the start of creating to reality. Some of us like these children dream and aspire to grow up and be a real world version of a pretend reality. Some of us develop a dream along the way. We all have a common desireRead MoreYves Saint Laurents Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer1392 Words   |  6 Pagesmother to wear. 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Secondary Outcome Of A Randomized Clinical -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Secondary Outcome Of A Randomized Clinical? Answer: Introduction System thinking insists that particular systems need to be analyzed as a whole for understanding emergent properties as well as interrelatedness of constituent parts. In the current study, patient education system has been considered for understanding the system, problems involved in the system, use of hard/soft systems to enhance performance of the systems and recommendations for enhancing system behavior/ performance. Patient education generally starts with the description of proposed processes to patient with vast-audio visual presentation library along with HD animations. Patient education system can enable patients assuming responsibility for own health care. In addition, it provides opportunities for practicing prevention techniques by their own. In the present study, Health point hospital of UAE is taken as case study. Overview of patient education system Patient education system is the procedure by which healthcare professionals as well as other can impart information to the patients along with their caregivers. It can alter health behavior or enhance status of their health (Morton et al. 2017). Computer-based patient education is one of the effective strategies in order to enhance healthcare knowledge as well as clinical results. Technologies including internet are currently available for using educational delivery mode in the setting of healthcare. There are several types of patient education system such as audio-visual presentation, HD animation, reviewing and responding patient questions are include in patient education system. In addition, there are interaction session between service providers and patients that are helpful to provide effective learning. The primary focus of health education system is changing and enhancing social health behavior. It also assists in enhancing health outcomes consequently. For an instance, there are some methods of providing prevention education ranging from suggestion of new as well as more effective toothbrush in order provide short tutorial on appropriate way to brush (Cook et al. 2014). There are several benefits of patient education system as followed. It enables patients assuming responsibility for own healthcare. Providing patients with the scopes to practice prevention techniques at home It increases scopes for treatment acceptance The system helps to increase trust, loyalty as well as satisfaction of the employees It ensures continuity of care between several appointments (Bernhard et al. 2016) Patient education systems assists the patients to decide the best plan of action In addition, it enhances communication between the patients and healthcare providers Patient education gives a host of advantages to not only patient as well as practicing, However, the patients can have the better choice of staying healthy as well as eliminating baad habits. With the assistance of patient education system, the patients can see as partners working for finding out the best solution for them. On the other hand, patient education involves healthcare professionals teaching patients regarding health so that they can understand their condition better. Patients can be educated in health as well as non-health environments along with a formal or informal way (Stenberg et al. 2016). The aim of patient education system is enhancing health and performance of healthcare industry as a whole. Patient education system helps in increasing patient understanding. The education can ensure that patients are well-informed regarding own health. Teaching regarding side-effects of condition, discussion about diagnosis and going through best possible treatment operations and looking at some ways in order to prevent condition from deteriorating. The level of comprehending could minimize anxiety of the patient. Practicing patient education system in Health point hospital, UAE also helps to increase understanding that puts patients in good position in order to make informed decisions associated wit h healthcare (Mansell et al. 2017). In addition, the education system in the selected organization is helpful to become active approach to healthcare. An educated patient may be able to portray self-image by managing specific components of care. There are always particular aspects of care that professionals of Health point hospital UAE can administer. In addition, patient could manage some of the components. It can relieve some burden from providers. Practicing patient education system in Health point hospital UAE can be helpful to improve motivation as well as better results. Educated patients can be motivated to reach specific health care goals that could minimize the number of unessential admissions, phones or visits that will save time as well as money for both patient as well as provider. On the other hand, technology has revolutionized the way of thinking, living and working. There are several industries embracing new technologies altered they operate. The health care industry has become inundated with new tools and helping in business. The ever-increasing popularity of mobile devices helps to use the applications with the help of useful tools for patients as well as healthcare professionals (Hu et al. 2015). There are several apps available useful for providing effective education for patients. Medical dictionary application is one of the applications in healthcare industry helpful to providing meaning and makes the patients understood about diseases. For an instance, the Tabers medical dictionary app for iPhones consists of 65,000 medical terms. It also includes more than 1000 photos as well as 600 patient care statements. The application provides resources like alternative therapy, medical abbreviations as well as measurements. It is considered as one of the most comprehensive dictionary. Moreover, in Health point hospital, UAE, health care providers look for patient education system in order to assist alleviating some concerns of patients as well as care providers. The patient education system provides a solution to vital healthcare issues like satisfaction, involvement as well as communication with family members (Che et al. 2016). With the help of this education system, it can be expected that value of the systems are recognized by healthcare providers as well as become a first choice in medical facility. Problems lied in the system Although the patient education system in Health point hospital, UAE has a number of advantages, there are some limitations associated with it. One of the biggest concerns lied in the system is diverse culture. Along with this, lack of education is the challenge to imply the system properly in the organization (Skelton et al. 2015). Sometimes, it is seen that patients are misguided by information that are heard from their friends, family as well as internet. In this perspective, Health point hospital UAE provides education system to the patients that includes educational information n particular to the requirements of patients as determined by care team. In addition e there are several challenges faced by health care professionals. Present quality crisis in health care of Health point hospital UAE are well recognized (AlKhalili et al. 2015). The burden of harm can be conveyed by collective impact of all health care quality Culture as well as organization care into different systems such as hospitals, home care as well as skilled nursing facilities with formal communications, hospitals as well as skilled nursing facilities. Different and poor culture is resulting in coordination of care, redundant, miscommunication and redundant along with wasteful procedures. In addition, patients and families generally report that caregivers appear not for coordinating work for understanding the issue. It is vital to remember to remember that all patient education interaction includes cultural dimension (Mohammed et al. 2016). Culture is referred as characteristic patterns of attitudes, values, beliefs as well as behaviors shared by the patients in Health point hospital UAE. Culture includes way of living, thinking as well as behaving. There are several components consisting language, customs, traditions, beliefs as well as ways of communicating. Effective communication with patients as well as health care workers is considered as the key process in safe and quality care services. The relationships between patient and clinician rely on effective communication and resulting in enhanced satisfaction of patients In addit ion, adherence to medical recommendation as well as better healthcare results are included in it. The management plan of clinician is included in patient education system. Cultural misunderstanding between patients and health care providers is one of the major factors for dissatisfaction of the patients along with poor quality of care. The cultural setting in Health point hospital UAE needs to be modified in this aspect. According to Ministry of Health in UAE, most of the healthcare workers belong to different country (Kasper et al. 2015). Thus, it becomes a great problem for the patients to communicate with them. Language problem and cultural difference are the major problems faced while providing patient education. In addition, different professional as well as personal perspectives along with values remain obstacle for the organization. Role competition as well as turf issues and lack of common language among the health care providers and patients cannot provide expected outcome for the patients. Hence, it is required to provide effective measures and take appropriate approach so that barriers and challenges lied in the patient education system can be removed. Use of hard/soft system approaches The Health point hospital of UAE is focused on efforts to find out ways for improving the engagement of patients. With use of patient education system, it delivers inpatient setting, enhances interaction among the physicians along with patients, providing of entertainment and empowering the patients decision-making. This type of system is used by patients within inpatient as well as outpatient setting to enhance and promote engagement of patients into healthcare (Zangi et al. 2015). Patient education system increases patients engagement by providing them some of the components such as portal for interaction between patient-provider, access to EHR, medications and processes of diseases. In order to analyze the patient education system of Health point hospital, two approaches are used in this paper such as: Hard system approaches: It is a problem solving approaches which first define the problems, analysis the situations, identify the objectives, measure its performance, develop of options and evaluate it, and then implementation is done. There are various stages, which are used to solve the problems into the patient education system: Stage 1: Problem definition: Effective interaction among patients and healthcare providers are required in quality health care. Due to cultural differences, lower health literacy and language differences, it is hard to provide patient satisfaction, medical recommendations and healthcare outcomes. Cultural differences among patients and healthcare providers contribute towards dissatisfaction of patients, poor quality of patients care. Stage 2: Analysis of existing situation: The uniqueness of the UAE culture, coupled with larger number of health professionals, conflicts lead to dissatisfaction of the patients. Most of the nurses and healthcare professionals within Health point hospital are from Australia, India, UK and other Middle East countries; therefore, they are from various cultural backgrounds (Gonzalo et al. 2015). There is also a difference in language considered as a problem to effective patient education. Stage 3: Identification of objectives: There is a need to solve the language differences and cultural differences problems into the patient education system. The hard modelling involved in various stakeholders into the modelling process along with rapid interaction to manage the healthcare systems. Stage 4: Generation of routes to objectives: The healthcare providers should be more attentive to the patients value as well as their cultural backgrounds. They should implement the system in such way that it should meet with requirements of patients those are coming from various cultural groups. Stage 5: Formulate measures of performance: The patients should able to read various things like instructions related to discharge, healthcare educational materials, medical bills and nutritional information (Svege et al. 2016). The patients are required to provide education on writing as well as reading skills so that they can understand the health related information and instructions, which are written in other language, which is not understandable, by the patients. Stage 6: Development of options: Health point hospital of UAE should maintain a strict sensitivity towards the language as well as culture concerns (Betancourt et al. 2016). Cultural and language competency should be taken as popular approach to improve provision of the healthcare within the healthcare sector. Stage 7: Evaluation of options: The cultural and language competency are improved by modifying accessibility along with effectiveness of the healthcare people from various cultural backgrounds by increasing awareness and skills of them. Stage 8: Implementation: Training should be taken as implementation step to improve the problems into the patient education system. Soft system approaches: Checklands Soft System Methodology is used as an approach to the organizational process modeling and it is used for problem solving into the patient education system (Shipman et al. 2016). This soft system methodology is because reality is not provided but is socially contracture. There are seven stages of the soft system approaches such as: Stage 1: Unstructured problem situation: Due to increasing diversity of the healthcare sectors, it brings lot of challenges for the healthcare providers and system along with policy makers to create as well as deliver of competent services. Cultural competence is identified as ability of the service providers to deliver of healthcare services, which would meet with the social in addition to cultural requirements of patients. Stage 2: Problem situation: Here, the patient education system is not the problem; it is the problem of education culture. Language barriers are difficult to communicate and cultural differences inhibit the patients from being comfortable to interact and socialize. The soft variables into healthcare system are motivation of doctors, productivity, and quality of the healthcare practices, anxiety of patients and responses to hospital managers for various pressures (Che et al. 2016). Those variables can complicate the problem analysis as it is not quantifiable and the effects are subject to quick consensus. Stage 3: Development of the root: The cultural differences and language differences have hidden effects into the healthcare sector and its development (Tannenbaum et al. 2014). Patient education system analysis is a strong tool for the patients concerned towards planning innovation. The soft model provides various benefits to the modelling as well as system analysis of the patients education system and applied to healthcare decisions for problems ranges from well focused healthcare delivery programmes. The soft methodology is used for screening of diseases and management of the waiting lists of the patients. Stage 4: Development of conceptual models: Into the conceptual model, the patient education system consists of four nested level such as individual patient, care team, organization (clinic and hospital) and economics environment (financial and payment options). The individual patients requirements as well as preferences are defined factors into the patient centered education system. Availability of the information, establishment of the private healthcare reflect on increasing the expectations that the patients drive changes into the proposed system to improve quality and efficiency (Coppola et al. 2016). The care team results into delivery of care to the patients. The Health point hospital of UAE faces various challenges such as escalate of the cost of the healthcare, and there is shift into share of cost burden to the healthcare providers as well as patients. Into the economic environment, it consists of regulatory and financial regimes that influence the performance of patient educ ation system. Stage 5: Compare conceptual models with reality: The conceptual model is compared with reality so that before using the education system, they are already understood about the system, its usage and benefits in the healthcare life. Stage 6: Identification of feasible changes: There should be changes into the patient education system so that all the healthcare providers can understand the language as well as culture of patients so that they are no conflicts among them (Lee et al. 2016). When the patients are discharged from the hospital, then they have insufficient information about illness as well as self-care, therefore with use of patient education system, there are changes into the healthcare sector and patients level of satisfaction. Stage 7: Actions to improve problem situations: Formal training is required to be provided to the patients before they enter into the educational system and learn their role for education. Future of patient education system Due to implementation of patient education system, the Health point hospital is continued to rise. The technology is not only continues to create opportunities for treatment but also facilitates of healthcare educational operations. The healthcare providers should require of better tools to make informed decisions. Automated patient education system should manage the day-to-day functions of the hospital. The hospital should express the patient educational needs. The work should be done by instructing the patients with lower literacy skills and procedures for patients from different cultural backgrounds. There should be increase into computer assisted instructions. Recommendations for improving performance of the system Following are the recommendations, which are suggested to the management of Health point hospital of UAE to improve into their patients education system performance: Increase the understanding of patients: The patient education would ensure that the patients are properly informed about own health. They should teach about side effects of medicines, their conditions, discussing about diagnosis, going to treatment options and looking for techniques to prevent from deteriorating (Yamada et al. 2015). It would help to reduce anxiety of patients and build trust among patients as well as healthcare provider. It would understand the patients requirements to make them informed about their decisions based on the healthcare. Enhance of motivation: The healthcare provider should be enhanced towards motivation to educate the patients about their own health. They should understand what they should do to improve their health. In this particular case, the educated patients are motivated to reach the healthcare goals for improving the health more rapidly and efficiently (Myhill et al. 2017). The healthcare providers also motivate their patients about the process of getting education and required education to improve in their health. Improvement into healthcare: Training should be provided to the healthcare providers so that they can respect all culture and language. As the patients are from different cultures as well as languages, therefore they are required to educate about their health which would provide a positive effect on the Health point hospital of UAE. The education of patient should reduce the total number of not required admissions, visits, phone calls that would save time as well as money of the patients as well as healthcare providers (Gleason-Comstock et al. 2015). After getting training, the educated patients should able to manage their own health and take care of self. The professionals do the aspects of care, but patients manage the some of the elements also which is required to improve performance of the proposed system. Conclusion The above discussion concludes that it is important for an organization to analyze the adopted system properly so that the issues and challenges lied in the system can be minimized. Patient education system is one of the vital procedures for improving health of the patients by their own. The advantages of using patient education system are discussed in the current study. However, there are various issues lied with the system that poses a challenge for the health care providers to provide quality education to the patients. In the current study, the Health point hospital of UAE is concentrated on finding out the ways to enhance involvement of the patients. With the help of hard system approach, the system is helpful to define the issue and analyze the situations. Effective integration among the patients and healthcare providers is important for the organization to provide appropriate outcome. In addition, analysis of the existing situation, identifying objectives and generation of rout es to the objectives are needed to be more attentive in the system. On the other hand, use of Checklands Soft System Methodology is used as a soft approach in the organization for problem solving in the patient education system. References AlKhalili, Rend, Pratik A. Shukla, Ronak H. Patel, Saurin Sanghvi, and Basil Hubbi. "Readability assessment of Internet-based patient education materials related to mammography for breast cancer screening."Academic radiology22, no. 3 (2015): 290-295. Bernhard, Jean-Christophe, Shuji Isotani, Toru Matsugasumi, Vinay Duddalwar, Andrew J. Hung, Evren Suer, Eduard Baco et al. "Personalized 3D printed model of kidney and tumor anatomy: a useful tool for patient education."World journal of urology34, no. 3 (2016): 337-345. Betancourt, Joseph R., Alexander R. Green, J. Emilio Carrillo, and I. I. Owusu Ananeh-Firempong. "Defining cultural competence: a practical framework for addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care."Public health reports(2016). Che, Hui?Lian, Mei?Yu Yeh, Ru?Shang Jiang, and Shu?Mei Wu. "Taiwanese nurses experiences of difficulties in providing patient education in hospital settings."Nursing health sciences18, no. 1 (2016): 113-119. Cook, David J., Anilga Moradkhani, Kristin S. Vickers Douglas, Sharon K. Prinsen, Erin N. Fischer, and Darrell R. Schroeder. "Patient education self-management during surgical recovery: combining mobile (iPad) and a content management system."Telemedicine and e-Health20, no. 4 (2014): 312-317. Coppola, Adriana, Loredana Sasso, Annamaria Bagnasco, Andrea Giustina, and Carmine Gazzaruso. "The role of patient education in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: an overview."Endocrine53, no. 1 (2016): 18-27. Gleason-Comstock, Julie, Alicia Streater, Joel Ager, Allen Goodman, Aaron Brody, Laura Kivell, Aniruddha Paranjpe et al. "Patient education and follow-up as an intervention for hypertensive patients discharged from an emergency department: a randomized control trial study protocol."BMC emergency medicine15, no. 1 (2015): 38. Gonzalo, Jed D., Michael Dekhtyar, Richard E. Hawkins, and Daniel R. Wolpaw. "How can medical students add value? Identifying roles, barriers, and strategies to advance the value of undergraduate medical education to patient care and the health system."Academic medicine92, no. 9 (2017): 1294-1301. Hu, Yinhuan, and Zixia Zhang. "Patient educationA route to improved patient experience in Chinese hospitals?."Patient education and counseling98, no. 12 (2015): 1651-1652. Kasper, Dennis, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Jameson, and Joseph Loscalzo. "Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 19e." (2015). Lee, Nam?Ju, Haena Jang, and Su?Yeon Park. "Patient safety education and baccalaureate nursing students' patient safety competency: A cross?sectional study."Nursing health sciences18, no. 2 (2016): 163-171. Mansell, Gemma, Kjersti Storheim, Ida Lchting, Erik L. Werner, and Margreth Grotle. "Identification of indirect effects in a Cognitive Patient Education (COPE) intervention for low back pain."Physical therapy97, no. 12 (2017): 1138-1146. Mohammed, Khaled, Margaret B. Nolan, Tamim Rajjo, Nilay D. Shah, Larry J. Prokop, Prathibha Varkey, and Mohammad H. Murad. "Creating a patient-centered health care delivery system: a systematic review of health care quality from the patient perspective."American Journal of Medical Quality31, no. 1 (2016): 12-21. Morton, Patricia Gonce, Dorrie Fontaine, C. M. Hudak, and B. M. Gallo.Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2017. Myhill, Timothy, Warwick Coulson, Paul Nixon, Simon Royal, Terry McCormack, and Nabil Kerrouche. "Use of Supplementary Patient Education Material Increases Treatment Adherence and Satisfaction Among Acne Patients Receiving Adapalene 0.1%/Benzoyl Peroxide 2.5% Gel in Primary Care Clinics: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study."Dermatology and therapy7, no. 4 (2017): 515-524. Shipman, Jean P., Erica W. Lake, Jessica Van Der Volgen, and Darrin Doman. "Provider documentation of patient education: a lean investigation."Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA104, no. 2 (2016): 154. Skelton, Stacy L., Amy D. Waterman, LaShara A. Davis, John D. Peipert, and Anne F. Fish. "Applying best practices to designing patient education for patients with end-stage renal disease pursuing kidney transplant."Progress in Transplantation25, no. 1 (2015): 77-90. Stenberg, Una, Mette Haaland-verby, Kari Fredriksen, Karl Fredrik Westermann, and Toril Kvisvik. "A scoping review of the literature on benefits and challenges of particFuture of patient education system016): 1759-1771. Svege, Ida, Linda Fernandes, Lars Nordsletten, Inger Holm, and May Arna Risberg. "Long-term effect of exercise therapy and patient education on impairments and activity limitations in people with hip osteoarthritis: Secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial."Physical therapy96, no. 6 (2016): 818-827. Tannenbaum, Cara, Philippe Martin, Robyn Tamblyn, Andrea Benedetti, and Sara Ahmed. "Reduction of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescriptions among older adults through direct patient education: the EMPOWER cluster randomized trial."JAMA internal medicine174, no. 6 (2014): 890-898. Yamada, Kiyofumi, and Toshitaka Nabeshima. "Pharmacist-managed clinics for patient education and counseling in Japan: current status and future perspectives."Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences1, no. 1 (2015): 2. Zangi, Heidi A., Mwidimi Ndosi, Jo Adams, Lena Andersen, Christina Bode, Carina Bostrm, Yvonne van Eijk-Hustings et al. "EULAR recommendations for patient education for people with inflammatory arthritis."Annals of the rheumatic diseases74, no. 6 (2015): 954-962.

The Philosophy of Religion Essay Example For Students

The Philosophy of Religion Essay Philosophy of Religion, by David Elton Trueblood is an attempt to fathom not religion as a whole, but the thought processes that are the basis of modern religious thought. The book makes no attempt to explain any individual religious preferences or motifs, only to gauge the reasons for religion in its entirety. While Trueblood doesnt pass judgment on other religions, his personal beliefs are apparent. He is a Protestant Christian, and has been writing books on religion since 1935. Philosophy of Religion is in the spirit of his other books, such as The Logic of Belief which merely serves to explain why persons believe what they do believe. 1957, the year of publication, was exactly in the middle of a period of great change in the world. The space age was developing, and new scientific discoveries were turning many people away from theistic explanations of everything from natural history to outer space. Communism was spreading over Eastern Europe like a wildfire, sweeping up millions i nto the not-so-comforting arms of spiritual agnosticism. I feel Trueblood has done an excellent job with this book, and anyone interested in the Whys of religion should find it an interesting manuscript. Religion has reached a previously unheard-of footing in this world, and it is impossible to simply ignore it. One is forced to agree with or oppose with religions, which of course has led to a great deal of friction, especially between radical sects. Unfortunately, many of the most stringent followers as well as opposers of religions suffer from the same malady: ignorance. The most devoted Islamic guerrilla may well be involved in an anti-Semitic movement only because his father was. He may actually have the same fundamental beliefs, i.e. the belief in one supreme God or Creator; as a Jew, but is blinded by his cause and cant see the similarities, or attempt to cohabitate in the world with an opposer of his religion. In religion, there is to much gray area for there to be just one p ossible solution. Even communism, always considered the antithesis of religion may well be one of the most dogmatic faiths in the world. The main fundamental in religion is commitment. Most commonly it is the faith in God or other supreme being, but dialectical materialism is most certainly built on total commitment . We will write a custom essay on The Philosophy of Religion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another factor many people fail to realize, but which Trueblood points out more than adequately is that philosophy is not religion. Philosophy is the search for knowledge for the sake of understanding, while religion seeks knowledge for the sake of worship. One may also be religious and scientific. While science has redefined a good deal of the natural world, the supernatural is still unchanged; more people are turning to a God for comfort and stability in a world of constant flux. Quite possibly one of the most important factors in religion is its reliance on faith. All religion is based on word of mouth, and there is no way of proving its validity. If any part of a religion is ever proved false, then the belief as a whole is thus untrue. One cannot maintain, or pretend to maintain, a religion merely because it is comforting, socially proper, or convenient. If there is no God, then to pray and worship is a waste of time, according to Trueblood. Indeed, he considers a false religion to be inherently evil! Of course, many people feel that something cannot be quantitatively evil, unless there is a supreme Good to compare to and fight the evil, so this There must be, then, room for ambiguity in religion, if not doubt. This requires the argument for realism, which Trueblood sufficiently provides. Realism is a theory that holds that there are objects of knowledge which actually enjoy independent existence. These objects of knowledge are assumed by most religions to be the causation, directly or not, of all things. Their divinity or plurality has been the subject of great debate between separate religions, and religion as a whole and science. Platonists believe in a spontaneous, four-fold causation, while most Western religions believe in a singular, omnipotent God. Meanwhile, non-Theistic scientists feel that everything happens out of random chance, with no higher goals or creator. The next major topic that Trueblood explains is the nature of truth. Is something rendered true merely because it hasnt been disproved? Is positive evidence enough to classify something as true, or proved? If A implies B, and B is true, does that mean A is true as well? There is no definite answer to this, as Trueblood points out:If John was in the wreck he must have bruises. .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .postImageUrl , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:visited , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:active { border:0!important; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:active , .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc3181b1b18027239f81aec48ceca71e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Growth And Development In Babies EssayThis same type of fallacy can easily be used to explain the origins of the Earth, or the possibility of a creator. In the same section of the book as the nature of truth, there is a discussion on the nature of authority. Why are there certified geniuses in the fields of music, science and philosophy, but religious greats, prophets and teachers are considered illusionists, crackpots, or worse? Are these men and women misunderstood, or underestimated: insane, or truly messengers from a higher level? Another significant error about authority is that it conflicts with reason in the search for the truth. Many books infer this, but Trueblood illustrates that authority is dependent upon reason in the search for the truth. As previously mentioned, there are many irrefutable scientific facts which tend to nullify traditional fundamentalist beliefs. Trueblood devotes an entire chapter to this very important topic, and attacks it in a very logical manner, that should hope to pacify most readers, myself included. When most people are asked how they know there is a God, they most always refer to nature and th e world around them, and how only a supernatural power is capable such creations. While this seems a clear-cut, simple answer, that most people tend to agree with and use, Trueblood sees this as a theological cop-out: there is to much evidence to be classified by such a simple answer. The so-called natural order of things, and the fact that it had been going on for quite awhile before Man came onto the scene is perhaps the best evidence, along with the third law of thermodynamics: matter cannot be created or destroyed. One must wonder, then how things can simply be created out of nothing, as most Christian religions teach. Many people have turned to a type of theological evolution to explain things: that God did in fact set the world in motion somehow, long ago, and has let things continue on their own natural evolutionary path. Next, Trueblood searches for positive evidence of the existence of God. In his now-familiar, leave no stone unturned method, he points to the existence of beauty and aesthetics in Nature and elsewhere. This is a very good point that most theologians have never pointed out. Socrates and Plato both felt that beauty was evidence of a supreme Good in the world. While they didnt believe in a God, per say, their One is in the same spirit as Western religions God. That most everything, natural or manmade has some intrinsic beauty is not in dispute. But is an ugly object evil, from Satan or some other corollary of God? This, unfortunately, Trueblood doesnt delve into. Historical and religious experience is another vast factor in the philosophy of religion. To quote Martin Buber, All religion is history With only very minor exceptions, most historical manuscripts have been written, preserved, etc. by religious characters. As far back as the Sumerian civilizations, it was the priests who recorded everything. In the Middle Ages of Europe, were it not for monks, all of the Greek and Roman manuscripts would have been lost, and no new records would have come about. Coincidentally, many of the religious leaders of the Middle Ages were philosophers, such as St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Augustine, etc. Only in the Renascence did the fields of History, Religion, and Philosophy once again diverge, yet to this day, their paths cross more often than not. The Holy Bible, in many places is just a collection of ancient history, and reads like a lecture. Only the prophecies and slanted views found in it prevent it from being the first history textbook. The codependency of separate religions and history is also illustrated by the Hebrew and Christian faiths: The Christian faith has developed largely at the expense of the Hebrew faith, and has no independent foundation, and the Hebrew faith is stagnate, with no definitive end. The Christians even registered the Hebrew Canon as part of the Bible, providing the faith with some tenuous roots, although the true development of Christianity is somewhat vague. The next two sections of Philosophy of Religion deal with problems encountered by those attempting to be faithful to a religion. Trueblood considers Dialectical Materialism, i.e. Marxism to be one of the greatest challenges. Marxism and the Nazi movement of the 1930s and 40s are both, technically, religions, but they act as a severe detriment to Christianity or other theistic beliefs. Both of these movements are atheistic, embracing manmade values, mainly economic: although the similarities stop there. Another challenge pointed out in this section i s That of Freudian psychology. Trueblood considers this a threat almost as severe as the aforementioned blight of Dialectical materialism. Freud and others like him, including Ludwig Feuerbach, consider the idea of Gods to be nothing more than personified wishes. Feuerbach contends that each segment of belief is an attempt to objectify the thinkers wish. Freud himself felt that the Christian God was the manifestation of mans desire for a father figure to be feared, and depended upon, thus we view natural occurrences as coming from a central parent. I personally dont agree with Trueblood on this point: many people see Freuds views as anachronistic, not a viable explanation of mans desire for God, and certainly not a challenge to religious faith. .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .postImageUrl , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:visited , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:active { border:0!important; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:active , .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a21db98daaa2c236848f0fffe631adf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beloved-Water Motif EssayThe third challenge to religious faith, according to Trueblood, is Logical Positivism. While Marxism and Nazis point-blankly scoff the idea of God, and Freud writes it off to psychological instability, this third attack simply views religion and metaphysics as worthless and idle undertakings. Positivism restricts knowledge and fact as sense experiences, basic definitions only elaborated on as the subject of personal whims. Positivists feel there is a definitive answer to every question, and only one answer, is right. It is a very dogmatic and intolerable school of philosophy. I fully agree with Trueblood that this is a serious challenge to religiou s faith, perhaps more so than dialectical materialism. With no room for opinion, there can be no room for free-thinking, thus no expansion of religious thought. Indeed, this attitude is a threat to not only religious freedom, but to intellectual expansion. Should logical positivism ever come into widespread acceptance, than the world would take on an Orwellian shape, with all religions a thing of the past. There are many enduring problems that religion faces, that dont come and go like political fads or philosophical sects. The central of these problems is science vs. religion. It is impossible, as mentioned at the beginning of this paper to compartmentalize the two. As fast as one theologist finds a new biblical text proving creation, geologists pull up a fossil of man a few more hundred thousand years older. Fortunately, however the Genises/geology dogmatism has relaxed, with both sides able to find a happy median. But the great strides in medicine have sparked an enormous amount of confrontation, with people unsure of where science and chance ends, and miracles begin. Of course, what is miracle? Could not have God influenced the doctor, pulling his hand in the right way as the delicate incision was made? There are a million what-ifs in medicine, and one must draw the line, and have faith in his fellow man instead of chalking every successful recover up to divine intervention. If eve ryone waited for a miracle, nothing would ever get done, and then the need for miracles would be even greater, according to Trueblood. I fully agree with Trueblood on this point. The remainder of Philosophy of Religion deals with such topics as evil, God himself (or her/its self), freedom, and immortality. I didnt feel these topics are necessarily an important part of the book. They are impossible to validate, and Trueblood gives them a slanted approach. He only spends two pages on the religious significance of freedom, and doesnt even mention the value of the freedom of religion. I didnt agree or disagree with anything in the last section of the book; I just felt it was redundant. As a whole, Trueblood has done a very good job with Philosophy of Religion and I truly enjoyed reading it. It is very unique, the first book Ive ever seen that strictly explains the motives and processes behind religious thought, without attempting to justify one sect, or judge, positively or otherwise a personal religious belief. It was very insightful, and has helped to clear up questions Ive had about religious thought. Perhaps if more religious leaders understood the whys of their beliefs, there would be less intolerance and fanaticism, and religions could cohabitate in the world they feel they are protecting from evil. 1) Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Philosophy: History and Problems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2) Trueblood, David Elton. Philosophy of Religion. New York: Harper ; Brothers,Note: all footnotes, unless otherwise noted from Philosophy of Religion. Bibliography:Additional Work(s) Cited1) Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Philosophy: History and Problems. New York: McGraw-Hill, inc., 1971, 1994. 966 pp. 2) Trueblood, David Elton. Philosophy of Religion. New York: Harper ; Brothers,1957. 324 pp. Note: all footnotes, unless otherwise noted from Philosophy of Religion. Preface: xi-xvp. 11William Temple, as quoted, p.9p. 33p. 36p. 63von Hugel, as quoted p. 69p. 71p. 94-95, 102pp. 118-119as quoted p. 131Stumpf : timelinep. 132pp. 138-139p. 162p. 177p. 179p. 181pp. 189-190p. 192p. 206p. 209pp. 209-210

How to Find the Taurus Constellation

How to Find the Taurus Constellation The constellation Taurus is visible for skygazers beginning in late October and early November. Its one of the few constellations that looks somewhat similar to its name, even though its a stick figure. It contains a number of fascinating stars and other objects to explore. Look for Taurus in the sky along the ecliptic, near the constellations Orion and Aries. It looks like a V-shaped pattern of stars with long horns extending out across the sky.   Check out the constellations Perseus, Taurus, and Auriga to see the Pleiades, Hyades, Algol, and Capella. Carolyn Collins Petersen The Story of Taurus Taurus is one of the oldest star patterns known to sky watchers. The first known records of Taurus date back 15,000 years, when ancient cave painters captured its likeness on the walls of underground rooms at Lascaux, France. Many cultures saw a bull in this pattern of stars. Ancient Babylonians told tales of the supreme goddess Ishtar sending Taurus- known as the Bull of Heaven- to kill the hero Gilgamesh. In the ensuing battle, the bull is torn apart and his head is sent to the sky. The rest of his body is said to make up other constellations, including the Big Dipper. Taurus was viewed as a bull in ancient Egypt and Greece, too, and the name persisted into modern times. Indeed, the name Taurus comes from the Latin word for bull.   The Brightest Stars of Taurus The brightest star in Taurus is alpha Tauri, also known as Aldebaran. Aldebaran is an orange-colored supergiant. Its name comes from the Arabic Al-de-baran, meaning leading star, because it seems to lead the nearby Pleiades star cluster across the sky. Aldebaran is slightly more massive than the Sun and many times larger.  It has run out of hydrogen fuel in its core and is expanding as the core begins to convert helium.   The official IAU chart for the constellation Taurus.   IAU/Sky Publishing The two horn stars of the bull are called Beta and Zeta Tauri, also known as El Nath and Tianguan respectively. Beta is a bright white star, while Zeta is a binary star. From our point of view on Earth, we can see each of the two stars in Zeta eclipse each other every 133 days.   The constellation Taurus is also known for the Taurids meteor showers. Two separate events, the Northern and Southern Taurids, occur in late October and early November. The southern shower is the product of objects left behind by Comet Encke, while the Northern Taurids are created when materials from the Comet 2004 TG10 stream through Earths atmosphere and are vaporized.   Deep-Sky Objects in Taurus The Taurus constellation has a number of interesting deep-sky objects. Perhaps the best known is the Pleiades star cluster. This cluster is a collection of several hundred stars, but only the seven brightest can be seen without a telescope or binoculars. The Pleiades stars are hot, young blue stars that move through a cloud of gas and dust. They will continue to travel together for a few hundred million years before dispersing through the galaxy, each on its own path.   The Pleiades open star cluster, as seen by Hubble Space Telescope. NASA/ESA/STScI The Hyades, another star cluster in Taurus, makes up the V-shape of the bulls face. The stars in the Hyades form a spherical grouping, with the brightest ones making the V. They are mostly older stars, moving together through the galaxy in an open cluster. It will likely break apart in the distant figure, with each of its stars traveling along a separate path from the others. As the stars age, they will eventually die, which will cause the cluster to evaporate in several hundred million years.   The Hyades star cluster with the bright orange-red star Aldebaran (upper left) in the picture. The Hyades is a cluster that lies farther away from Aldebaran, which is in the same line of sight. NASA/ESA/STScI The other interesting deep-sky object in Taurus is the Crab Nebula, located near the horns of the bull. The Crab is a supernova remnant left over from the explosion of a giant star more than 7,500 years ago. The light from the explosion reached Earth in the year 1055 AD. The star that exploded was at least nine times the mass of the Sun and may have been even more massive. Crab Nebula in several wavelengths of light including visible and x-ray. The bright dot at the center is the Crab Nebula Pulsar, which is the rapidly spinning remains of the star that died in the ancient supernova explosion that created this object. NASA/HST/CXC/ASU/J. Hester et al. The Crab Nebula is not visible to the naked eye, but it can be seen through a good telescope. The best images have come from such observatories as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

Types of Columns and Architectures Classical Order

Types of Columns and Architectures Classical Order If your architect suggests a Classical order for your new porch columns, theres no need to return a blank stare. Its a good idea. An Order of Architecture is a set of rules or principles for designing buildings - similar to todays building code. Five Classical orders, three Greek and two Roman, comprise the types of columns we use even in todays architecture. In Western-based architecture, anything called classical means its from the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. A Classical order of architecture is the approach to building design established in Greece and Rome during what we now call the Classical period of architecture, from roughly 500 B.C. to 500 A.D. Greece became a province of Rome in 146 B.C. which is why these two Western civilizations are grouped together as Classical. During this time period, temples and important public buildings were constructed according to five distinct orders, each using a defined pedestal, type of column (base, shaft, and capital), and a different style entablature above the column. The Classical orders grew in popularity during the Renaissance era when architects such as Giacomo barozzi of Vignola wrote about them and used the design. In Architecture the word Order signifies a composition (in the same style) of a pedestal, a column, and an entablature, together with their ornamentation. Order means a perfect and regular disposition of all the parts of a beautiful composition; in a word, order is the opposite of confusion. - Giacomo da Vignola, 1563 Heres a brief overview of what the orders are and how they came to be written down. The Greek Orders of Architecture When studying an era-by-era timeline of ancient Greece, the height of Greek civilization was known as Classical Greece, from about 500 B.C. The inventive ancient Greeks developed three architecture orders using three distinct column styles. The earliest known stone column is from the Doric order, named for architecture first seen in the Dorian area of western Greece. Not to be outdone, the builders in the eastern Greece area of Ionia developed their own column style, which is known as the Ionic order. Classical orders are not unique to each area, but they were named for the part of Greece where they were first observed. The most ornate Grecian order, the latest developed and perhaps the most well-known by todays observer is the Corinthian order, first seen in the central area of Greece called Corinth. The Roman Orders of Architecture The Classical architecture of ancient Greece influenced the building designs of the Roman Empire. The Greek orders of architecture were continued in Italian architecture, and Roman architects also added their own variations by imitating two Greek column styles. The Tuscan order, first seen in the Tuscany area of Italy, is characterized by its grand simplicity - even more streamlined than the Grecian Doric. The capital and shaft of the Composite order of Roman architecture can be easily confused with the Greek Corinthean column, but the top entablature is much different. Rediscovering the Classical Orders The Classical orders of architecture might have become lost to history if it were not for the writings of early scholars and architects. The Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius, who lived during the first century B.C., documented the three Greek orders and the Tuscan order in his famous treatise De Architectura, or Ten Books on Architecture. Architecture depends on what Vitruvius calls propriety - that perfection of style which comes when a work is authoritatively constructed on approved principles. That perfection can be prescribed, and the Greeks prescribed certain architectural orders to honor the different Greek gods and goddesses. The temples of Minerva, Mars, and Hercules, will be Doric, since the virile strength of these gods makes daintiness entirely inappropriate to their houses. In temples to Venus, Flora, Proserpine, Spring-Water, and the Nymphs, the Corinthian order will be found to have peculiar significance, because these are delicate divinities and so its rather slender outlines, its flowers, leaves, and ornamental volutes will lend propriety where it is due. The construction of temples of the Ionic order to Juno, Diana, Father Bacchus, and the other gods of that kind, will be in keeping with the middle position which they hold; for the building of such will be an appropriate combination of the severity of the Doric and the delicacy of the Corinthian. - Vitruvius, Book I In Book III, Vitruvius writes prescriptively about symmetry and proportion  - how thick the column shafts should be and the proportional heights of columns when arranged for a temple. All the members which are to be above the capitals of the columns, that is, architraves, friezes, coronae, tympana, gables, and acroteria, should be inclined to the front a twelfth part of their own height...Each column should have twenty-four flutes... After the specifications, Vitruvius explains why - the visual impact of the specification. Writing specifications for his Emperor to enforce, Vitruvius wrote what many consider the first architecture textbook. The High Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries renewed interest in Greek and Roman architecture, and this is when Vitruvian beauty was translated - literally and figuratively. More than 1,500 years after Vitruvius wrote De Architectura, it was translated from Latin and Greek into Italian. More importantly, perhaps, the Italian Renaissance architect Giacomo da Vignola wrote an important treatise in which he more thoroughly described all five classical orders of architecture. Published in 1563, Vignolas treatise, The Five Orders of Architecture, became a guide for builders throughout western Europe. The Renaissance masters translated Classical architecture into a new type of architecture, in the manner of Classical designs, just as todays new classical or neoclassical styles are not strictly Classical orders of architecture. Even if the dimensions and proportions are not exactly followed, Classical orders make an architectural statement whenever they are used. How we design our temples is not far off from ancient times. Knowing how Vitruvius used columns can inform what columns we use today  - even on our porches.   Sources The Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius Pollio, Translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, Harvard University Press, 1914, Book I, Chapter II, Paragraph 5; Book III, Chapter V, paragraphs 13-14 The Five Orders of Architecture by Giacomo barozzi of Vignola, translated by Tommaso Juglaris and Warren Locke, 1889, p. 5

Provide nursing care for clients requiring palliative care Case Study

Provide nursing care for clients requiring palliative care - Case Study Example Such a care is known as palliative care. In this project various aspects of palliative care will be discussed which are individualised and tailor-made to a 85 year old patient by name Lora with advanced breast canccer in terminal stages. Lorna is in the terminal stages of advanced Breast cancer. She has gone through mastectomy and chemotherapy, but in vain. At this stage what she requires is palliative care. The aim of palliative care must be to relieve the patient of suffering, promote function of the patient, deliver help to meet the daily living needs of the patient, provide psychosocial support to the patient and also the family of the patient and clarify goals of care and associated treatments. The objective of palliative care in Lora must be to support her to live as actively as possible until she is alive, help the family members cope with their illness of their loved one and prepare them for death of Lora. The four cardinal principles of palliative care are non-malificence, beneficience, patient autonomy and justice. These principles need to be applied in the perspective of respect for life, acceptance of the fact that death is inevitable, provision of treatments which take care of the ongoing suffering, str iving to preserve life only as long as life is not a burden and beyond that only asserting life, and also individual needs and that of the society (National Cancer Control Programme, 2005). Currently, Laura has has increased pain, chest swelling and progressive weakness. She has also developed a decline in her cognitive ability. Her chest swelling is uncontrollable as is her pain at present. Thus, the corner stone of palliative care in Laura would be pain relief. The pain management in her must be guided by the cancer pain management protocols. The analgesic ladder approach of pain managment by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2009)is an useful guide to

What is an organization and why are managers important to an Essay

What is an organization and why are managers important to an organization's success - Essay Example A setting is recognized as an organization if it is created with a certain purpose that is unique to the organization. No organization can ever exist until and unless there are people within the organization because these people are responsible for attaining the purpose for which it was created. Lastly these organizations follow a particular structure to help members of the organization in recognizing their roles and tasks. For example: a school comprises of strict structure in which the school is head by the principal and the principals have certain number of supervisors that are answerable to the principle and who ensure that the aims set by the principle are followed by the teachers. The teachers are answerable to the supervisors and the teachers are responsible for ensuring that the students follow the instructions of the teachers in order to attain the aims that were initially constructed by the principle. All these individuals that work for the attainment of the purpose of orga nization are recognized as managers and these managers are responsible for the performance and the growth of the organization. All the duties that were highlighted for different individuals of an organization fall in the category of management and management is simply defined as the task of a manager. Management constitutes of supervising different tasks carries out by different members of an organization with the objective of ensuring that these tasks are being carried in an effective and efficient manner and this task of supervising the work of others differentiates an individual holding a managerial position from those who work on non-managerial positions (Fleming 9). When managers are involved in the act of ensuring that others in the organization operate in an efficient manner, they make sure that the best possible outcomes are achieved with the investment of least possible resources. This is mainly because managers have to

Sociology Research Essay Example for Free

Sociology Research Essay Sexism is also known as  gender discrimination  or  sex discrimination, is defined as prejudice or discrimination based on sex; or behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex. Sexism is a form of discrimination or devaluation based on a persons sex, with such attitudes being based on beliefs in traditional stereotypes of gender roles. The term  sexism  is most often used in relation to discrimination against women, in the context of patriarchy. Sexism involves hatred of or prejudice towards a gender as a whole or the application of gender stereotypes. Sexism is often associated with gender-supremacy arguments. Gender stereotypes A 1952 magazine feature stereotyping women drivers. Gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about the characteristics and behavior of women and men. Gender stereotypes are not only descriptive, but also prescriptive beliefs about how men and women should be and behave. Members of either sex who deviate from prescriptive gender stereotypes are punished; assertive women, for example, are called bitches whereas men who lack physical strength are seen as wimps. Empirical studies have found widely shared cultural beliefs that men are more socially valued and more competent than women at most things, as well as specific assumptions that men are better at some particular tasks (e. g. , mechanical tasks) while women are better at others (e. g. , nurturing tasks). For example,  Fiske  and colleagues surveyed nine diverse samples, from different regions of the United States, and found that members of these samples, regardless of age, consistently rated the category men higher than the category women on a multidimensional scale of competence. Gender stereotypes can facilitate and impede intellectual performance. For instance,  stereotype threat  can lower womens performance on mathematics tests due to the stereotype that women have inferior quantitative skills compared with men. Stereotypes can also affect the assessments people make of their own competence. Studies found that specific stereotypes (e. g. , women have lower mathematical ability) affect women’s and men’s perceptions of their abilities (e. g. , in math and science) such that men assess their own task ability higher than women performing at the same level. These biased self-assessments have far-reaching effects because they can shape men and women’s educational and career decisions. Gender stereotypes are sometimes applied at an early age. Various interventions were reviewed including the use of fiction in challenging gender stereotypes. For example, in a study by A. Wing, children were read  Bills New Frock  by  Anne Fine. The content of the book was discussed with them. Children were able to articulate, and reflect on, their stereotypical constructions of gender and those in the world at large. There was evidence of children considering the different treatment that boys and girls receive, and of classroom discussion enabling stereotypes to be challenged. Sexist and gender-neutral language Research has found that the use of  he  as a generic pronoun evokes a disproportionate number of male images and excludes thoughts of women in non gender-specific instances. Results also suggest that while the plural  they  functions as a generic pronoun for both males and females, males may comprehend  he/she  in a manner similar to  he, as  he  usually is placed before the dash and  she  after. This is usually done because the word  she  already contains the word  he  so it is positioned after the dash. It also has nothing to do with stereotypical gender roles. Nearing the end of the 20th century, there is a rise in gender-neutral language in western worlds, which is often attributed to the rise of  feminism. Gender-neutral language  is the avoidance of  gender-specific job titles, non parallel usage, and other usage that is considered by some to be sexist. Supporters claim that having gender–specific titles and gender–specific pronouns either implies a systemic bias to exclude individuals based on their gender or else as unnecessary in most cases as race-specific pronouns, religion-specific pronouns, or persons-height-specific pronouns. Some of those who support gender-specific pronouns assert that promoting gender-neutral language is a kind of semantics injection itself. Anthropological linguistics and gender-specific language Unlike the  Indo-European languages  in the west, for many other  languages  around the world,  gender-specific pronouns  are a recent phenomenon that occurred around the early 20th century. As a result of  colonialism, cultural revolution occurred in many parts of the world with attempts to modernize and westernize by adding gender-specific pronouns and animate-inanimate pronouns to local languages. This resulted in the situation of what was  gender-neutral pronouns  a century ago suddenly becoming gender–specific. (See for example  Gender-neutrality in languages without grammatical gender: Turkish. ) Gender-specific pejorative terms Gender–specific pejorative terms intimidate or harm another person because of their gender. Sexism can be expressed in a pseudo–subtle manner through the attachment of terms which have negative gender oriented implications  such as through  condescension. Many examples include swear words. A mildly vulgar example is the uninformative attribution of the term hag for a woman or fairy for a man. Although hag and fairy both have non-sexist interpretations, when they are used in the context of a gender–specific pejorative term these words become representations of sexist attitudes. The relationship between rape and misogyny Research into the factors which motivate perpetrators of  rape  against a specific gender, for example, women, frequently reveals patterns of hatred of said gender and pleasure in inflicting psychological and/or physical trauma, rather than sexual interest. Researchers have argued that rape is not the result of pathological individuals, but rather systems of male dominance, cultural practices and beliefs that objectify and degrade women. Mary Odem, Jody Clay-Warner and Susan Brownwiller consider sexist attitudes to be propagated by a series of myths about rape and rapists. They state that contrary to those myths, rapists often plan a rape before they choose a victim and that acquaintance rape  is the most common form of rape rather than assault by a stranger. Odem also states that these rape myths propagate sexist attitudes about men by perpetuating the thought that men cannot control their sexuality. In response to  acquaintance rape, the Men Can Stop Rape movement has been implemented. The US military has started a similar movement with the tagline My strength is for defending. Occupational sexism Occupational sexism refers to any  discriminatory  practices, statements, actions, etc. based on a persons  sex  that are present or occur in a place of  employment. One form of occupational sexism is  wage discrimination. In 2008, the  Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development  (OECD) found that while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, on average, women still have 20% less of a chance to have a job and are paid 17% less than men. Moreover, the report stated: [In] many countries, labor market  discrimination  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ i. e. the unequal treatment of equally productive individuals only because they belong to a specific group – is still a crucial factor inflating disparities in employment and the quality of job opportunities [ ] Evidence presented in this edition of the  Employment Outlook  suggests that about 8% of the variation in gender employment gaps and 30% of the variation in gender wage gaps across OECD countries can be explained by discriminatory practices in the labour market. The report also found that despite the fact that almost all OECD countries, including the U. S. have established anti-discrimination laws, these laws are difficult to enforce. Gender stereotypes Gender roles  (or sex roles) are attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex. A culture that defines males as ambitious and competitive encourages them to seek out positions of leadership and play team sports. To the extent that females are defined as deferential and emotional, they are expected to be supportive helpers and quick to show their feelings. According to the  OECD, womens labor market behavior is influenced by learned cultural and social values that may be thought to discriminate against women (and sometimes against men) by stereotyping certain work and life styles as male or female. Further, the OECD argues that womens educational choices may be dictated, at least in part, by their expectations that [certain] types of employment opportunities are not available to them, as well as by gender stereotypes that are prevalent in society. There is a long record of women being excluded from participation in many professions. Often, women have gained entry into a previously male profession only to be faced with additional obstacles. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to receive an M. D. in the  United States  and  Myra Bradwell, the first female lawyer in the state of  Illinois, illustrate the prevalence of women being excluded from certain professions and the changing culture. Professional discrimination continues today according to studies done by  Cornell University  and others. Some have hypothesized that gender bias has been influencing which scientific research gets published. This hypothesis coincides with a test conducted at the  University of Toronto  led by Amber Budden. The study showed that, in the journal  Behavioral Ecology, after implementation of double-blind review in which both the author and reviewer identity is concealed, there was an increase of 7. 9% in the number of papers authored by women. This was more than three times the increase of female ecology graduate students in the United States. In addition, women frequently earn significantly lower wages than their male counterparts who perform the same job. In the U. S. , for example, women earn an average of 23. 5% less than men. In 1833, women working in factories earned only one-quarter of mens wages, and in 2007, womens median annual paychecks reflected only $0. 78 for every $1. 00 earned by men. A study showed women comprised 87% of workers in the child care industry and 86% of the health aide industry. Some experts believe that parents play an important role in the creation of values and perceptions of their children. The fact that many girls are asked to help their mothers do housework, while many boys do technical tasks with their fathers, seems to influence their behavior and can sometimes discourage girls from performing such tasks. Girls will then think that each gender should have a specific role and behavior. A 2009 study found that being overweight harms womens career advancement but presents no barrier for men. Overweight  or  obese  women were significantly under-represented among company bosses, whereas a significant proportion of male executives were overweight or obese. The author of the study stated that the results suggest that the glass ceiling effect on womens advancement may reflect not only general negative stereotypes about the competencies of women, but also weight bias that results in the application of stricter appearance standards to women. Overweight women are evaluated more negatively than overweight men. There is a tendency to hold women to harsher weight standards. At other times, there are accusations that some traditionally female professions have been or are being eliminated by its roles being subsumed by a male dominated profession. The assumption of baby delivery roles by doctors with the subsequent decline of  midwifery  is sometimes claimed to be an example. Wage gap [pic] Euro stat  found a persisting gender pay gap of 17. 5% on average in the 27  EU Member States  in 2008. Similarly, the OECD  found that female full-time employees earned 17% less than their male counterparts across OECD countries in 2009. In the U. S. , the female-to-male earnings ratio was 0. 77 in 2009, meaning that, in 2009, female full-time, year round (FTYR) workers earned 77% as much as male FYTR workers. Womens earnings relative to mens fell from 1960 to 1980 (from 60. 7 percent to 60. 2%) and then rose rapidly from 1980 to 1990 (from 60. 2% to 71. 6%), and less rapidly from 1990 to 2000 (from 71. 6% to 73. 7%) and from 2000 to 2009 (from 73. 7% to 77. 0%). At the time when the first  Equal Pay Act  was passed in 1963, female full-time workers earned 58. 9% as much as male full-time workers. The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between women and men (education, hours worked, occupation etc. as well as direct and indirect discrimination in the labor market (gender stereotypes, customer and employer bias, etc. ). Studies always find that some portion of the gender pay gap remains unexplained even after controlling factors that are assumed to influence earnings. The unexplained portion of the wage gap is attributed to gender discrimination. The estimates for the discriminatory component of the gender pay gap vary widely. The OECD estimated that approximately 30% of the gender pay gaps across OECD countries is due to discrimination. Australian research shows that discrimination accounts for approximately 60% of the wage differentials between women and men. Studies examining the gender pay gap in the United States  show that large parts of the wage differential remain unexplained even after controlling for factors that affect pay. One study examined college graduates and found that the portion of the pay gap that remains unexplained after all other factors are taken into account is 5% one year after graduating college and 12% 10 years after graduation. Research done at  Cornell University  and elsewhere indicates that mothers are less likely to get hired than equally qualified fathers and, if hired, would be paid a lower salary than male applicants with children. The  OECD  found that a significant impact of children on women’s pay is generally found in the United Kingdom and the United States. ]  Fathers, on the other hand, earn  $7,500 more on average that than men without children. Glass ceiling The term glass ceiling is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement based on discrimination, particularly gender discrimination. In academic achievement, great improvements have been made. However, as of 1995 in the United States, women received about half of all Masters degrees, but 95 to 97% of the senior managers of Fortune 1000 Industrial and Fortune 500 companies were male and in the Fortune 2000 Industrial and service companies, only 5% of senior managers were women. The  United Nations  asserts progress in bringing women into leadership and decision making positions around the world remains far too slow. Objectification Some argue that  sexual objectification  is a form of sexism. Some countries, such as  Norway  and  Denmark, have laws against sexual objectification in advertising. Nudity itself is not banned, and nude people can be used to advertise a product, but only if they are relevant to what is being advertised. Sol Olving, head of Norways Kreativt Forum, an association of the countrys top advertising agencies, explained, You could have a naked person advertising shower gel or a cream, but not a woman in a bikini draped across a car. Sexism in the Workplace Sexism in education is clearly associated with sexism in the workplace. When women are expected to â€Å"stay in the home,† they are unable to access the necessary educational resources to compete with men in the job market. If by chance they are able to secure a position, women may be less prepared educationally for the task, and thus draw lower wages. In recent decades more women have entered the United States workforce. After WWII (from about 1947), about 30 percent of women were employed outside the home; today, at the start of the 21st century, the figure is well over 50 percent. (Some estimates approach 75 percent if â€Å"part-time† jobs are included. Yet women are far from treated equally on the job. Typically, they hold lower-paying, lower-status jobs than men. In fact, women may account for only 25 percent of the upper-level managers in large corporations. And although half of the employees in the largest, most prestigious firms around the United States may be women, perhaps as few as 5 percent or less actually hold senior positio ns. In general, women are under-represented in the higher-status, higher-paying occupations, such as university teaching, law, engineering, and medicine. In contrast, women are over-represented in the lower-paying occupations, such as public-school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. In stereotypical female jobs, referred to as  womens ghettos, women are subordinate to the positions of men. For example, executives supervise secretaries who are likely to be women, and lawyers supervise paralegals, who are also likely to be women. Women in the same jobs as men usually earn less, even though these women may have the same or better training, education, and skills. As a general statistic, women make only 60 percent or less than men in comparable positions. Why this disparity? Sociologists speculate that, in some cases, the fact that women often must take time off to have and raise children interrupts their career path. As much as Americans may hate to admit it, women in the United States still bear the primary responsibilities of child-rearing. Conflicting demands may partly explain why married women with children are more likely to leave their jobs than are childless and single women.

Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf womenbeo

Role of Women in Beowulf As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulf's importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the meadhall. Wealhtheow, the queen of the Danes, represents a typical subservient Anglo-Saxon woman. As a foil to Wealhtheow, Grendel's mother is a strong and combative monster whom Beowulf must kill. By analyzing these two characters in Beowulf, we can understand the treatment and mistreatment of women in Anglo-Saxon society. The author of Beowulf generally supports the traditional Anglo-Saxon views of women by praising Wealhtheow, condemning Grendel's mother, and showing the need to suppress feminine forces like Wyrd; however, he does offer som e criticism of these views by creating sympathy for Grendel's mother, allowing Wealhtheow to assert herself in the interest of her husband and children, and revealing masculine fear of feminine power. The author creates Wealhtheow to embody the role of a traditional Anglo-Saxon woman, and he presents this role as the only appropriate one for Wealhtheow to fulfill. She serves as a peacekeeper in the ever-tumultuous Heorot meadhall. When the author first introduces Wealhtheow to his audience, she immediately falls into her role as peaceful greeter and cocktail waitress. The author writes, "Then Wealhtheow came forth / folk-queen of the Danes daughter of Helmingas / and Hrothgar's bedmate. She hailed all of them / spo... ...st darkness" (l. 73) to restore peace and order. Wyrd works to bring disorder and doom to Beowulf and the warriors of Heorot, just as Grendel's mother wages her war of destruction and death on Hrothgar and his kingdom. Beowulf subdues Grendel's mother permanently by killing her, but Wyrd can only be avoided temporarily, not destroyed once and for all. This suggests that the struggle against female authority and uprising is timeless, and the only way to deal with this problem is on an individual basis. The author's views on women may never be fully revealed, but it is clear that he believes in male superiority and that insurgent females ought to be suppressed. Like Wealhtheow, females should only exert minimal power and influence, but they should always keep the drinks coming. Work Cited Beowulf. Trans. Frederick Rebsamen. New York: HarperPerennial, 1991.

Advanced Boot Options

The recovery tools available in windows 7 are ? ? ? Advanced Boot Options Menu Startup Repair Tool Backup & Restore Center System Protections Frequently used recovery techniques are Event Viewer – if OS doesn’t load in normal or safe mode, check the event viewer for problems occur in security, system and apps logs. Safe Mode: Loads minimum of services & drivers only needed to load win 7. Can troubleshoot the devices and drivers. Last Known Good Configuration Startup Repair Tool Backup & Restore Center System Restore Using Advanced Boot options: Used to troubleshoot error that allows windows 7 from successful booting.To access press F8 while startup. The options available are Safe mode Safe mode with networking– safe mode with networking enabled Safe mode with command prompt – safe mode in CLI Enable Boot logging– creates log file â€Å"ntbtlog. txt† records all process occur during booting. Enable low resolution video (640Ãâ€"480)- uses stan dard vga drivers for display. Last known good configuration– Restores last Config that runs in good condition. Directory Services Restore Mode- Used for domain controllers Debugging Mode- Runs kernel debugger.Advanced troubleshooting tools Disable Automatic Restart on System failure- prevents system from restarting when it fails to boot. Disable driver signature enforcement- enforces driver to install that don’t have valid signature Start windows normally- Normal startup Startup Repair Tool: If system files of windows 7 is failed to boot or corrupted or deleted, using windows 7 media can able to restore it. But this tool cannot handle Hardware failures Backup and Restore: Used for user of windows 7 to protect their personal data from disaster.This tool is used for making a backup of your data and also it can able to restore the backup data. This tool can be opened in â€Å"control panelackup and restore† In that console user can find advanced boot options o Tur n off the schedule – backup schedule is turned off o Create a system restore image – Backup OS files o Create a system repair disk – Create bootable disk Creating System Image: It captures the snapshot of entire hdd & stored in specified location Control panel -> Backup & Restore center-> CREATE system Image link -> choose location -> START backup-> no for system repair disk.After the above process the image is created Restoring Image: Load win 7 media to dvd rom, reboot the machine ->enter in to â€Å"Repair your computer† Now select OS-> system recover option appears->choose windows complete pc restore-> select the image-> Restore it.Using System Protection: It creates backup and saves the configuration info of system files and settings It don’t overwrite, it saves in previous versions which is called as â€Å"restore point† So user can return to multiple possible configurations It creates restores points automatically if file system in NT FS, manually also can create. To open â€Å"sysdm. cpl† open system protection tab.

Porter’s Fourht Force Is Bargaining Power of Buyers

Porter’s fourth force is bargaining power of buyers. Buyers are known to have high bargaining power over firms when they are very sensitive towards prices and this is the case here with Fly Emirates and other airlines in general. Buyers have too many choices to pick from when prices of a certain airline rise, because most of the times they are not keen to pay that extra amount as they believe it does not give them much value in relation to what they are paying for, or just because they feel that the flight is just a mean to take them where they want to go and any airline can do the job so they prefer to cut travelling costs. We can discuss porter’s fourth force it in the case of Emirates airlines along the following lines, the buyers’ ability to influence the prices and demand higher quality and value for the price, also their ability to trigger competition especially in a very high competitive environment like airlines industry, in many ways this ability forces airlines to bring down prices in order to compete which gives the buyers the advantage of enjoying lower prices and different promotions. Buyers have the choice between tickets or airlines that are within budget or luxurious flights like Emirates for the destination they want to travel to, it can also be referred to as bargaining leverage. Buyers also influence the Volume of purchases or in other words the number of tickets sold to a certain destination, for example to choose to travel to one country more often than another. They also have an easy access to all different offers and promotions over tickets from different airlines to various destinations which allow them to switch costs, as they choose their priorities for example better services vs. heaper tickets. Emirates airlines try to play along those lines and balance or influence buyer’s bargaining power by providing world class services that is proven to be the best, also differentiate themselves by offering a traveling experience rather than just a flight that will take buyers from one place to another, they have new highly technological airplanes, servi ce that is highly customized and personalized to match their customers need and lately they opened their own terminal which gives their clients great privileges and advantages. References: http://www. scribd. com/doc/23940023/Emirates-Porter-s-5